The Fort Pillow Massacre stemmed from Southern outrage at the North’s use of Black soldiers during the Civil War. After failing to secure the surrender of Union-controlled Fort Pillow in Tennessee, Confederate Maj. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest ordered his men to take it by force. The fighting that ensued on April 12, 1864, was characterized by chaotic close-quarters combat and a loss of command. Despite contradictory evidence, it is clear that in many instances Forrest’s men killed African American soldiers who were attempting to surrender.