Fidel Castro professed to be Marxist after assuming leadership of Cuba. Even prior to that, the staunchly anti-communist U.S. government had suspicions about Castro’s political leanings based on the content of his fiery oration—suspicions that would be confirmed in the first year of the new Cuba, as it aligned itself more and more with the Soviet Union. Indeed, Castro’s philosophy gravitated toward a Leninist strain of Marxism as his rule progressed, although his beliefs differentiated themselves in some key ways, such as his identification with nonaligned countries and his celebration of guerrilla-style revolution. A better way to understand Castroism is as a system that sought to combine the economic and political elements of Marxism with those of Simón Bolívar, whose anti-imperialist bent is clearly evident in Castro’s own philosophy.