Gibbs free energy

All batteries depend on some chemical reaction of the form reactants → products for the generation of electricity or on the reverse reaction as the battery is recharged. The change in free energy (−ΔG) for a reaction could be…

…the work function, and the Gibbs free energy G. If U is the internal energy of a system, PV the pressure-volume product, and TS the temperature-entropy product (T being the temperature above absolute zero), then F = U − TS and G = U

…given pressure and temperature, the Gibbs free energy is smaller than that of any other state with the same pressure and temperature.

…a thermodynamic quantity G, called Gibbs energy (also called free energy):

Gibbs energy, by definition, consists of two parts: one part is the enthalpy, which reflects the intermolecular forces between the molecules, which, in turn, are responsible for the heat effects that accompany the mixing process (enthalpy is, in a general sense, a measure of the…

…found that the change in Gibbs energy corresponding to the first step is positive and, hence, in opposition to the change needed for dissolution. For example, at -10° C, ice is more stable than water, and, at 110° C and one atmosphere, steam is more stable than water. Therefore, the…