Nevadan orogeny

Nevadan orogeny, mountain-building event in western North America that started in the Late Jurassic Epoch about 156 million years ago. This event is generally considered to be the first significant phase of Cordilleran mountain building, which continued into the Early Cretaceous Epoch. The name is derived from the changes that occurred in the Sierra Nevada range of eastern California, although the effects of the Nevadan orogeny extended through a larger area of western North America.

Evidence for the Nevadan orogeny includes the formation of vast Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous batholiths (large bodies of igneous rock that formed underground) in southern California, the Sierra Nevada, the Coast Ranges, Idaho, and British Columbia. Folding and thrust faulting took place on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada and in the Klamath Mountains of northern California.

The uplift that occurred during the Nevadan orogeny in California, Nevada, western Utah, and Idaho is believed to have caused major depositional changes on the eastern side of these new mountain ranges. As the mountains rose, the sea level in the western interior of North America dropped, and the region filled with sediment eroded from the new mountains. Thick sequences of coarse siliciclastic strata were deposited in eastern Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, and other western states; these deposits include the Morrison Formation, which is famous for its dinosaur fossils.

The Nevadan orogeny is considered to have been a result of the westward movement of the North American plate, causing the thrusting of oceanic crust under the North American continent along a subduction trench. During this time, the Franciscan Sequence (consisting of metamorphosed rocks from an accretionary wedge) and the Great Valley sequence (consisting of deep-sea sedimentary rocks from a forearc basin) were accreted onto the North American continent. They are now exposed in northern and central California.