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aqua complex
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aqua complex

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  • Coordination compounds contain a central metal atom surrounded by nonmetal atoms or groups of atoms, called ligands. For example, vitamin B12 is made up of a central metallic cobalt ion bound to multiple nitrogen-containing ligands.
    In coordination compound: Aqua complexes

    Few ligands equal water with respect to the number and variety of metal ions with which they form complexes. Nearly all metallic elements form aqua complexes, frequently in more than one oxidation state. Such aqua complexes include hydrated ions in aqueous solution as…

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substitution reactions

  • Coordination compounds contain a central metal atom surrounded by nonmetal atoms or groups of atoms, called ligands. For example, vitamin B12 is made up of a central metallic cobalt ion bound to multiple nitrogen-containing ligands.
    In coordination compound: Substitution

    …the coordination spheres of metal-aqua complexes in aqueous solution. The substitution may be by another water molecule (which can be labeled with the isotope oxygen-18 to permit the reaction to be followed) or by a different ligand, such as the chloride ion. Reactions of both types occur as shown…

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ligand
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ligand

chemistry
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ligand, in chemistry, any atom or molecule attached to a central atom, usually a metallic element, in a coordination or complex compound. The atoms and molecules used as ligands are almost always those that are capable of functioning as the electron-pair donor in the electron-pair bond (a coordinate covalent bond) formed with the metal atom. Examples of common ligands are the neutral molecules water (H2O), ammonia (NH3), and carbon monoxide (CO) and the anions cyanide (CN-), chloride (Cl-), and hydroxide (OH-). Occasionally, ligands can be cations (e.g., NO+, N2H5+) and electron-pair acceptors. The ligands in a given complex may be identical, as the CO ligands in Fe(CO)5 and the H2O ligands in [Ni(H2O)6]2+, or different, as the CO and NO ligands in Co(CO)3(NO). Attachment of the ligand to the metal may be through a single atom, in which case it is called a monodentate ligand, or through two or more atoms, in which case it is called a didentate or polydentate ligand.

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