…for nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, electron spin resonance spectrometry is used to study spinning electrons. The absorbed radiation falls in the microwave spectral region and induces transitions in the spin states of the electrons. An externally applied magnetic field is required. The technique is effective for studying structures and reactions…

…the changing variable gives an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum. Such a spectrum, typically a graph of microwave energy absorption versus applied stationary magnetic field, is used to identify paramagnetic substances and to investigate the nature of chemical bonds within molecules by identifying unpaired electrons and their interaction with the immediate…

electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, and nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectroscopy. The first two arise, respectively, from the interaction of the magnetic moment of a nucleus or an electron with an external magnetic field. The nature of this interaction is highly dependent on the molecular…