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maturation

biology
Also known as: maturity

Learn about this topic in these articles:

Assorted References

  • animals
    • In animal learning: Possible explanations of behavioral changes

      …behaviour can be attributed to maturation. We are inclined to ascribe the unfolding pattern of behaviour that emerges over the first few weeks of life to this ill-defined process. Newborn rat pups, for example, are relatively helpless; their eyes do not open for about two weeks, and their main sources…

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  • plants
    • lime processing
      In fruit processing: Ripening and senescence

      …into three major stages: growth, maturation, and senescence. The period of growth generally involves cell division and enlargement, which accounts for the increasing size of the fruit. Maturation is usually reached just prior to the end of growth and may include flavour development and increase in sugar content (detectable as…

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    • fern life cycle
      In plant development: Determination of mature form

      …a juvenile period before reaching maturity and becoming reproductive. Juvenility may be brief or, as in the case of trees, may extend over several years. The duration is determined partly by internal factors and partly by environmental controls related to the seasons.

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  • thyroid
    • steroid hormones
      In hormone: Effects

      …the processes of growth and maturation. Both growth and maturation disturbances occur in the cretinous dwarfism resulting from thyroid deficiency in newborn infants; on the other hand, the metabolic effect is not apparent in lower vertebrates (e.g., fish), even though treatment of these animals with thyroid hormones promotes an increase…

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humans

    • development
      • fetal growth
        In human development: Larger size and earlier maturation

        …children reflects a more rapid maturation; only a minor part reflects a greater ultimate size. The trend toward earlier maturing is best shown in the statistics on age at menarche. The trend is between three and four months per decade since 1850 in average sections of western European populations. Well-off…

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    • disorders
      • birth: premature
        In childhood disease and disorder: Disorders associated with adolescence

        …with the onset of sexual maturation and continues through the transition state from childhood to young adulthood. The beginning is biologically defined by the onset of puberty, usually during the 10th to 13th year. The end is less definable and, depending upon environmental factors, may be as early as 16…

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    • education theories
      • Hans Holbein the Younger: Erasmus
        In pedagogy: Maturation and readiness theories

        Readiness theories of learning lean heavily on the concept of maturation in stages of biological and mental development. It is assumed that a child passes through all stages of development in reaching maturity. The teacher finds out what a child is…

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    Also spelled:
    Pedomorphosis
    Key People:
    Sir Gavin de Beer

    paedomorphosis, retention by an organism of juvenile or even larval traits into later life. There are two aspects of paedomorphosis: acceleration of sexual maturation relative to the rest of development (progenesis) and retardation of bodily development with respect to the onset of reproductive activity (neoteny).

    Classic examples include certain amphibian species in which development is arrested so that the larval form and aquatic habit persist as the organism attains sexual maturity and becomes capable of reproduction. In some species only a few morphological features are retarded, but the number of features retarded may differ from species to species. Adult humans, for example, display various neotenic body features that other adult primates do not.

    In other species all morphological development is retarded; the organism is juvenilized but sexually mature. Such shifts of reproductive capability would appear to have adaptive significance to organisms that exhibit it. In terms of evolutionary theory, the process of paedomorphosis suggests that larval stages and developmental phases of existing organisms may give rise, under certain circumstances, to wholly new organisms.