photoelectron spectroscopy
Also known as: PES, UPS, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy
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major reference
- In spectroscopy: Photoelectron spectroscopy
Photoelectron spectroscopy is an extension of the photoelectric effect (see radiation: The photoelectric effect), first explained by Einstein in 1905, to atoms and molecules in all energy states. The technique involves the bombardment of a sample
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chemical analysis
- In chemical analysis: Electron spectroscopy
…chemical analysis (ESCA) or X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). If the incident radiation is ultraviolet radiation, the method is termed ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) or photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). When the bombarding particles are electrons and different emitted electrons are monitored, the method is Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Other forms of less…
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