- Eastward Ho (work by Chapman, Jonson and Marston)
George Chapman: …Marston in 1605 for writing Eastward Ho, a play that James I, the king of Great Britain, found offensive to his fellow Scots. Of Chapman’s dramatic works, about a dozen plays survive, chief of which are his tragedies: Bussy d’Ambois (1607), The Conspiracie, and Tragedie of Charles Duke of Byron…
- Eastwood, Clint (American actor and director)
Clint Eastwood is an American motion-picture actor who emerged as one of the most popular Hollywood stars in the 1960s and went on to become a prolific and respected director-producer. (Read Marin Scorsese’s Britannica essay on film preservation.) During the Great Depression, Eastwood moved with
- Eastwood, Clinton, Jr. (American actor and director)
Clint Eastwood is an American motion-picture actor who emerged as one of the most popular Hollywood stars in the 1960s and went on to become a prolific and respected director-producer. (Read Marin Scorsese’s Britannica essay on film preservation.) During the Great Depression, Eastwood moved with
- Eastwood, Colum (Irish politician)
Social Democratic and Labour Party: History: In November 2015 Colum Eastwood took over as party leader and led the SDLP into the May 2016 Assembly elections, in which it lost two seats to fall to 12. The SDLP again won 12 seats in a snap election for the Assembly in March 2017, but this…
- Easy (American television series)
Marc Maron: He also appeared in Easy (2016–19), an anthology series about Chicagoans dealing with everyday issues, and GLOW (2017–19), in which he portrayed a down-on-his-luck director who works on a women’s wrestling show. Maron was cast in a number of movies in 2019, including Sword of Trust, in which he…
- Easy A (film by Gluck [2010])
Emma Stone: Early life and first roles: …role, in the teen comedy Easy A (2010), as a high school girl who pretends to have slept with a gay friend and various other social outcasts in order to give them a patina of coolness. The movie proved to be her breakthrough.
- Easy Action (album by Alice Cooper)
Alice Cooper: …albums—Pretties for You (1969) and Easy Action (1970)—on his own label. Both albums tended more toward psychedelia than hard rock, and neither was successful.
- Easy Beat (British radio program)
Rock and radio in the United Kingdom: …Saturday Club and Sunday morning’s Easy Beat. Both were presented by the avuncular Brian Matthew and blighted by a bewilderingly broad musical base and an imbalance between studio sessions and recorded music. The restriction on records played was a result of the “needle time” agreement with record companies; prompted by…
- Easy Club (literary club)
Allan Ramsay: …year, he helped found the Easy Club, a Jacobite literary society. His pen names, first Isaac Bickerstaff and later Gawin Douglas, suggest both Augustan English and medieval Scottish influences. He soon established a reputation as a prolific composer of verse in both English and Scots, much of it modeled on…
- Easy Come, Easy Go (film by Farrow [1947])
John Farrow: Films of the 1940s: In Easy Come, Easy Go, Barry Fitzgerald portrayed a racetrack frequenter who does not want his daughter (Diana Lynn) to marry a sailor (Sonny Tufts), and William Holden was an airplane pilot in the melodrama Blaze of Noon (both 1947). In 1947 Farrow also reteamed with…
- Easy Goer (racehorse)
Sunday Silence: …Derby favourite in 1989 was Easy Goer at 4–5 odds; Sunday Silence went off at 3–1 odds. Fifteen horses started the race. There was plenty of bumping, and Sunday Silence ducked sharply when his jockey, Pat Valenzuela, applied the whip to him down the stretch. Easy Goer, for his part,…
- Easy Living (film by Leisen [1937])
Preston Sturges: Early life and work: …The Good Fairy (1935), and Easy Living (1937), the last a highly regarded screwball comedy with Jean Arthur and Ray Milland that was directed by Mitchell Leisen, whose handling of the script so disappointed Sturges that he became determined to direct himself.
- Easy Living (film by Tourneur [1949])
Jacques Tourneur: Films of the 1940s at RKO: Cat People, I Walked with a Zombie, and Out of the Past: Easy Living (1949) was an adroit drama about a gridiron football star (Victor Mature) with a heart defect that could end his playing career. Lizabeth Scott and Lucille Ball also turned in fine performances in that adaptation of an Irwin Shaw story.
- Easy Money (film by Signorelli [1983])
Rodney Dangerfield: A late-blooming career: …the hit comedies Caddyshack (1980), Easy Money (1983), and Back to School (1986). He also impressed critics with a much darker role in the American director Oliver Stone’s Natural Born Killers (1994), in which he played an abusive father.
- Easy Rider (film by Hopper [1969])
Easy Rider, American countercultural film, released in 1969, that was hailed as a youth anthem for its message of nonconformism and its reflection of social tensions in the United States in the late 1960s. It helped spark the New Hollywood of the late 1960s and early ’70s, in which a style of
- Easy to Wed (film by Buzzell [1946])
Edward Buzzell: …classic Libeled Lady (1936) as Easy to Wed, with a cast that included Van Johnson, Lucille Ball, and Esther Williams.
- Easybeats, the (Australian musical group)
Australia: Music: …impact outside the country were the Easybeats, who formed at an immigrant hostel near Sydney and scored an international hit with “Friday on My Mind” in 1966. Although the Easybeats would struggle to repeat that success, two of the band’s members, George Young and Harry Vanda, would go on to…
- Eat Drink Man Woman (film by Lee [1994])
Ang Lee: …and Yinshi nan nu (1994; Eat Drink Man Woman). After earning international acclaim for the latter two movies, Lee was chosen to direct a screen adaptation of the Jane Austen novel Sense and Sensibility (1995). The film—which starred Emma Thompson, Kate Winslet, and Hugh Grant—marked a turning point in his…
- Eat It (song by Yankovic and Jackson)
“Weird Al” Yankovic: …and music video for “Eat It,” a parody of Michael Jackson’s hit song “Beat It.” Whereas most novelty song artists have achieved only fleeting success, Yankovic has built a long and successful career as one of pop music’s most celebrated humorists.
- Eat Pray Love (film by Murphy [2010])
Javier Bardem: …appeared opposite Julia Roberts in Eat Pray Love, based on Elizabeth Gilbert’s best-selling memoir of the same name.
- Eat That Question: Frank Zappa in His Own Words (film by Schütte [2016])
Frank Zappa: …was chronicled in the documentaries Eat That Question: Frank Zappa in His Own Words (2016) and Zappa (2020).
- Eat to the Beat (album by Blondie)
Blondie: ” Eat to the Beat (1979) was similarly successful.
- Eataly (Italian company)
Mario Batali: …a New York outpost of Eataly, a chain (based in Turin, Italy) of massive stores that contain groceries and a number of Italian restaurants under one roof. He also was involved with the 2013 opening of an Eataly store in Chicago.
- Eaters of the Dead (novel by Crichton)
Michael Crichton: …set in Victorian England, and Eaters of the Dead (1976; film 1999), a historical narrative incorporating elements of the Beowulf myth. Congo (1980; film 1995) weaves factual accounts of primate communication with humans into a fictional adventure tale about an aggressive species of gorilla.
- eating (physiology)
digestion: Ingestion: As already explained, the nutrients obtained by most green plants are small inorganic molecules that can move with relative ease across cell membranes. Heterotrophic organisms such as bacteria and fungi, which require organic nutrients yet lack adaptations for ingesting bulk food, also rely on…
- eating disorder, not otherwise specified (psychology)
mental disorder: Eating disorders: The diagnosis of eating disorder, not otherwise specified, or EDNOS, is given to those with clinically significant eating disturbances that meet some, but not all, of the diagnostic criteria for either anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Examples of such include binge eating disorder (episodes of binge eating with…
- eating disorders (pathology)
eating disorders, atypical eating patterns, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia, compulsive overeating, and pica (appetite for nonfood substances). These disorders, which usually have a psychological component, may lead to underweight, obesity, or malnutrition. If you would like to speak with
- Eating Naked (short stories by Dobyns)
Stephen Dobyns: Eating Naked (2000) is a collection of short stories.
- Eating People Is Wrong (work by Bradbury)
Sir Malcolm Bradbury: …acclaim for his first novel, Eating People Is Wrong (1959), which takes place in the provincial world of academics, a common setting for his novels. Less successful was Stepping Westward (1965), which leans heavily on his experience on an American university campus. Beginning with The History Man, Bradbury’s works became…
- Eating the Honey of Words (poetry by Bly)
Robert Bly: … (1979), Morning Poems (1997), and Eating the Honey of Words (1999). His poems of The Man in the Black Coat Turns (1981) explore themes of male grief and the father-son connection that he developed further in Iron John and also The Maiden King: The Reunion of Masculine and Feminine (1999),…
- Eating the Rainforest
Herbivory, the consumption of plant materials (generally leaves, shoots, and stems) by animals, is a defining process in most plant communities and a major influence on plant assemblages in tropical forests. Rainforest vegetation is under constant attack by hordes of sap drinkers, leaf eaters, leaf
- Eaton, Amos (American botanist, geologist, and lawyer)
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute: …by Stephen Van Rensselaer and Amos Eaton; Eaton, its senior professor, was a pioneer of American scientific research and education. Rensselaer was one of the first colleges in the United States specifically dedicated to the study of science and civil engineering.
- Eaton, Ashton (American decathlete)
Ashton Eaton is a former decathlete who dominated the sport in the 2010s, winning numerous IAAF (now World Athletics) world championships as well as two gold medals: 2012 London Olympics and the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics. Eaton was raised by his single mother in rural Oregon. He attended
- Eaton, Ashton James (American decathlete)
Ashton Eaton is a former decathlete who dominated the sport in the 2010s, winning numerous IAAF (now World Athletics) world championships as well as two gold medals: 2012 London Olympics and the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics. Eaton was raised by his single mother in rural Oregon. He attended
- Eaton, Cyrus S. (American industrialist)
Cyrus S. Eaton was a U.S.-Canadian industrialist and philanthropist, founder of the Republic Steel Corporation (1930). While a student, Eaton was persuaded by John D. Rockefeller to forego joining the ministry and become a businessman instead. Starting in business in 1907, he had built several
- Eaton, Cyrus Stephen (American industrialist)
Cyrus S. Eaton was a U.S.-Canadian industrialist and philanthropist, founder of the Republic Steel Corporation (1930). While a student, Eaton was persuaded by John D. Rockefeller to forego joining the ministry and become a businessman instead. Starting in business in 1907, he had built several
- Eaton, Hubert (American businessman)
Forest Lawn Memorial Parks: Hubert Eaton, a former mining engineer and Baptist lay minister, took over the management of the parks, and it was under his directorship that they took shape; for this reason he is considered the “founder” of the Forest Lawn Memorial Parks. Inspired by the noted…
- Eaton, John H. (United States government official)
The Rise of Andrew Jackson: Cabinets: …Buren’s close relationship with Tennessean John Henry Eaton that portended trouble on several levels. Perhaps the most dubious of Jackson’s choices was his appointment of Eaton as Secretary of War. The move smacked of cronyism: Eaton was Jackson’s first biographer and a member of the Nashville Junto. But he was…
- Eaton, John, Jr. (American educator)
John Eaton, Jr. was an American educator, second U.S. commissioner of education (1870–86), and first U.S. superintendent of schools for public schools in Puerto Rico. Eaton was raised on a farm and worked his way through Dartmouth College, in Hanover, N.H., graduating in 1854. He was a school
- Eaton, Margaret (American socialite)
Margaret Eaton was a woman whose marriage in 1829 to a prominent Democratic politician caused the famous “cabinet crisis” of U.S. President Andrew Jackson (in which Jackson dismissed his entire cabinet) and led eventually to the succession of Martin Van Buren as head of the party. The daughter of a
- Eaton, Peggy (American socialite)
Margaret Eaton was a woman whose marriage in 1829 to a prominent Democratic politician caused the famous “cabinet crisis” of U.S. President Andrew Jackson (in which Jackson dismissed his entire cabinet) and led eventually to the succession of Martin Van Buren as head of the party. The daughter of a
- Eaton, Robert J. (American businessman)
Chrysler: From Daimler to Stellantis: …so he recruited his replacement, Robert J. Eaton, president of General Motors Europe. Concerned with the competitive threat of a strong global automotive industry, Eaton was persuaded to embark upon a risky new direction. In May 1998 Chrysler Corporation and Daimler-Benz AG announced plans to merge, with Daimler-Benz (see Daimler…
- Eaton, Theophilus (British colonial governor)
Theophilus Eaton was a merchant who was cofounder and colonial governor of New Haven colony. As a youth, Eaton went to London as a merchant apprentice. He began his own commercial enterprise trading with Baltic seaports, and his successes in business resulted in his election as deputy governor of
- Eaton, William (United States military officer)
William Eaton was a U.S. Army officer and adventurer who in 1804 led an expedition across the Libyan Desert during the so-called Tripolitan War. After service in the U.S. Army, Eaton was appointed consul at Tunis (1798) by President John Adams. In 1803 he won President Thomas Jefferson’s approval
- Eaton, Wyatt (American painter)
Wyatt Eaton was a U.S. painter whose portraits of many well-known 19th-century figures were noted for delicate feeling. He was a pupil of the schools of the National Academy of Design, New York City, and in 1872 went to Paris, where he studied in the École des Beaux-Arts under J.L. Gérôme. He made
- Eatwell, Roger (British historian)
fascism: The postwar period to the end of the 20th century: Noting this transformation, in 1996 Roger Eatwell cautioned: “Beware of men—and women—wearing smart Italian suits: the colour is now gray, the material is cut to fit the times, but the aim is still power.…Fascism is on the move once more, even if its most sophisticated forms have learned to dress…
- Eau Claire (Wisconsin, United States)
Eau Claire, city, Eau Claire and Chippewa counties, seat (1857) of Eau Claire county, west-central Wisconsin, U.S. It lies at the confluence of the Eau Claire (“Clear Water,” so named by 18th-century French trappers and traders) and Chippewa rivers, 90 miles (150 km) east of St. Paul, Minnesota. It
- Eau d’Issey, L’ (perfume)
Issey Miyake: L’Eau d’Issey was launched in 1992 and became an international best seller. The light scent, which was inspired by water, was hugely influential, helping to popularize oceanic perfumes. Two years later Miyake debuted a men’s version, and other fragrances followed.
- eau de cologne
cologne, in perfumery, scented solution usually consisting of alcohol and about 2–6 percent perfume concentrate. Originally, eau de cologne was a mixture of citrus oils from such fruits as lemons and oranges, combined with such substances as lavender and neroli (orange-flower oil); toilet waters
- eau de Creole (liqueur)
mamey apple: …from the flowers is called eau de Créole. The acrid resinous gum has been used locally for destroying skin-infesting chigoe fleas, and the bitter resinous seeds are used as an antiworming agent.
- Eau Gallie (Florida, United States)
Melbourne: In 1969 Melbourne consolidated with Eau Gallie, just to the north. Patrick Air Force Base is nearby. Melbourne is home to the Brevard Museum of Art and Science and the Brevard Zoo. The John F. Kennedy Space Center, at Cape Canaveral, has a visitor complex with exhibits on space exploration.…
- eau-de-vie de marc (distilled liquor)
brandy: …grape pressing, include the French eau-de-vie de marc, for which Burgundy is well known, and grappa, an unaged, sharp-tasting brandy produced in both Italy and California.
- Eau/Ganga (film by Gopalakrishnan [1985])
Adoor Gopalakrishnan: Eau/Ganga (1985; “Water/Ganges”), an impressionistic work about the Ganges (Ganga) River, is one of his many documentaries.
- Eaux souterraines, Les (work by Daubrée)
Gabriel-Auguste Daubrée: …on limestone are found in Les Eaux souterraines (1887; “Subterranean Waters”), and his most significant work, Études synthétiques de géologie expérimentale (1879; “Synthesis Studies on Experimental Geology”), reflects his primary interest. The minerals daubreeite and daubreelite were named for him.
- eavesdropping, electronic (technology)
electronic eavesdropping, the act of electronically intercepting conversations without the knowledge or consent of at least one of the participants. Historically, the most common form of electronic eavesdropping has been wiretapping, which monitors telephonic and telegraphic communication. It is
- Eazy-E (American musician)
Dr. Dre: …Wit Attitudes) with fellow rappers Eazy-E and Ice Cube. The group’s second album, Straight Outta Compton (1988), was a breakthrough for the nascent gangsta rap movement, featuring explicit descriptions (and often glorifications) of street violence and drug dealing. While Dre appeared prominently as a rapper in N.W.A, his most-lauded role…
- EB virus (infectious agent)
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), virus of the Herpesviridae family that is the major cause of acute infectious mononucleosis, a common syndrome characterized by fever, sore throat, extreme fatigue, and swollen lymph glands. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was first reported by British scientists M.A. Epstein,
- EBA (body armor)
armour: Modern body armour systems: The Enhanced Body Armour (EBA) version could be reinforced with ceramic plates for greater protection against higher-velocity projectiles. In response to combat conditions in the Afghanistan War, where troops found themselves fighting more often on foot than in armoured vehicles, the Osprey Assault body armour system…
- Ebadi, Shirin (Iranian lawyer, author and teacher)
Shirin Ebadi is an Iranian lawyer, writer, and teacher, who received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 2003 for her efforts to promote democracy and human rights, especially those of women and children in Iran. She was the first Muslim woman and the first Iranian to receive the award. Ebadi was born
- Ebal, Mount (mountain, West Bank)
Mount Gerizim: …it is a twin of Mount Ebal (Arabic Jabal ʿAybāl, Hebrew Har ʿEval; 3,084 feet [940 metres]) to the north. Separating the two is a valley some 700 feet (210 metres) deep, through which passes one of the few east-west routes of the central Palestine hill country. The mountain was…
- Eban, Abba (Israeli statesman)
Abba Eban was the foreign minister of Israel (1966–74) whose exceptional oratorical gifts in the service of Israel won him the widespread admiration of diplomats and increased support for his country from American Jews. Brought up in England, Eban studied Arabic, Hebrew, and Persian) and classics
- Eban, Abba Solomon (Israeli statesman)
Abba Eban was the foreign minister of Israel (1966–74) whose exceptional oratorical gifts in the service of Israel won him the widespread admiration of diplomats and increased support for his country from American Jews. Brought up in England, Eban studied Arabic, Hebrew, and Persian) and classics
- Ebang Gong (ancient palace, China)
Chinese architecture: The Qin (221–206 bce) and Han (206 bce–220 ce) dynasties: …of a vast palace, the Efang Gong or Ebang Gong, whose main hall was intended to accommodate 10,000 guests in its upper story. He also copied, probably at reduced scale, the palaces and pavilions of each of the feudal lords he had defeated; these buildings displayed an encyclopaedia of regional…
- eBay (online auction company)
eBay is a global online auctions and trading company launched by American entrepreneur Pierre Omidyar in 1995. eBay was one of the first companies to create and market an Internet website to match buyers and sellers of goods and services. Although auctions constitute the bulk of eBay sales,
- ebb tide (oceanography)
ebb tide, seaward flow in estuaries or tidal rivers during a tidal phase of lowering water level. The reverse flow, occurring during rising tides, is called the flood tide. See
- Ebb-Tide, The (novel by Stevenson)
Robert Louis Stevenson: Life in the South Seas: …which it is a sequel, The Ebb-Tide (1894), a grim and powerful tale written in a dispassionate style (it was a complete reworking of a first draft by Lloyd Osbourne), showed that Stevenson had reached an important transition in his literary career. The next phase was demonstrated triumphantly in Weir…
- Ebba Ksour (Tunisia)
Althiburos, ancient city of Numidia in North Africa, on the road constructed by the Roman emperor Hadrian in 123 ce, between Carthage and Theveste (Tébessa) in what is now Tunisia and Algeria, respectively. The town, originally an indigenous settlement, obtained municipal rights from Hadrian.
- Ebbets Field (baseball park, New York City, New York, United States)
New York City: Brooklyn of New York City: …a wonderfully intimate ball park, Ebbets Field; many hearts were broken when the team decamped to California in 1957, and the field was subsequently demolished. Even without the Dodgers, Brooklyn celebrated its independent nature. It had its own shopping mecca (around Flatbush Avenue), a Civic Center, and even a Chinatown…
- Ebbinghaus, Hermann (German psychologist)
Hermann Ebbinghaus was a German psychologist who pioneered in the development of experimental methods for the measurement of rote learning and memory. Ebbinghaus received a Ph.D. degree from the University of Bonn in 1873. Shortly thereafter he became assistant professor at the Friedrich-Wilhelm
- Ebbo of Reims (French archbishop)
Ebbo of Reims was an archbishop whose pioneering missions to the North helped prepare the ground for the Christianization of Denmark and who exercised significant influence on contemporary arts. Born a royal serf, Ebbo was educated and ordained a priest in the Carolingian court, where he became a
- Ebbw Vale (Wales, United Kingdom)
Ebbw Vale, industrial town and urban area (from 2011 built-up area), Blaenau Gwent county borough, historic county of Monmouthshire (Sir Fynwy), southeastern Wales. It first developed as a coal-mining centre. Iron was processed there beginning in the late 18th century, using local coal, ore, and
- EBCDIC (data-encoding system)
EBCDIC, data-encoding system, developed by IBM and used mostly on its computers, that uses a unique eight-bit binary code for each number and alphabetic character as well as punctuation marks and accented letters and nonalphabetic characters. EBCDIC differs in several respects from Unicode and
- Ebed-melech (Ethiopian eunuch)
Jeremiah: Life and times: …action of an Ethiopian eunuch, Ebed-melech, who rescued the prophet with the king’s permission and put him in a less confining place. King Zedekiah summoned him from prison twice for secret interviews, and both times Jeremiah advised him to surrender to Babylonia.
- Ebedjesus Of Nisibis (Syrian theologian)
Abhdisho bar Berikha was a Syrian Christian theologian and poet who was the last important representative of the Nestorian tradition, a theological school emphasizing a rational, critical interpretation of early Christian doctrine. The sect, centred in ancient Antioch, countered the speculative
- Eben Emael (historical fort, Belgium)
fortification: Other fort series: …impregnable of the Belgian forts, Eben Emael, in a matter of hours in the first two days of the campaign against France and the Low Countries in 1940 startled the world. Arriving silently on the night of May 10 in gliders, troops landed atop the fort and began systematically to…
- Eben Fardd (Welsh poet)
Eben Fardd was a Welsh-language poet, the last of the 19th-century bards to contribute works of genuine poetic distinction to the eisteddfods (poetic competitions). His best-known poems include Dinystr Jerusalem (“Destruction of Jerusalem”), an ode that won the prize at the Welshpool eisteddfod
- Eben Holden: A Tale of the North Country (work by Bacheller)
Irving Bacheller: Bacheller became extremely popular for Eben Holden: A Tale of the North Country (1900), which sold more than 1,000,000 copies. This novel about a hired man gives an authentic picture of 19th-century farm life and character in upper New York state. D’ri and I (1901), a novel about the Battle…
- Eben the Poet (Welsh poet)
Eben Fardd was a Welsh-language poet, the last of the 19th-century bards to contribute works of genuine poetic distinction to the eisteddfods (poetic competitions). His best-known poems include Dinystr Jerusalem (“Destruction of Jerusalem”), an ode that won the prize at the Welshpool eisteddfod
- Ebenaceae (plant family)
Ericales: Ebenaceae: Ebenaceae, the persimmon or ebony family, includes trees and shrubs placed in four genera, with about 855 species found throughout the tropics and some also in temperate regions. Diospyros (about 800 species) occurs throughout the family’s range. Ebenaceae often have two-ranked leaves that lack…
- Ebenebe (African dance step)
African dance: Rhythm: …foot to the other; for Ebenebe, a stamping pattern leads into a cartwheel; Iza requires an upright carriage with high kicks; Nkpopi is a leaping dance; Etukwa requires the torso to be inclined to the earth as the feet drum a staccato beat; Nzaukwu Nabi is a stamping step with…
- Ebenezer Baptist Church (church, Atlanta, Georgia, United States)
Martin Luther King, Jr.: Early years: …as pastor of the prestigious Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta. The family lived on Auburn Avenue, otherwise known as “Sweet Auburn,” the bustling “Black Wall Street,” home to some of the country’s largest and most prosperous Black businesses and Black churches in the years before the civil rights movement. Young…
- Ebenezer Society (religious society)
Amana Colonies: …where they established the communal Ebenezer Society. In 1855 about 1,200 members moved westward to Iowa, where 18,000 acres (7,300 hectares), later expanded to 26,000 acres (10,500 hectares), had been purchased. This new home was called Amana (after a mountain range in Lebanon referred to in Song of Solomon 4:8…
- ébéniste (French craftsman)
interior design: Renaissance to the end of the 18th century: …of cabinets—came to be called ébénistes, a term that remains the French equivalent of the English “cabinetmaker.”) Many ancient Roman furniture-decorating techniques were revived. Inlaying with a variety of coloured woods, with ivory, mother-of-pearl, and tortoiseshell, with a mosaic of coloured stones known as pietra dura, and with painting and…
- Ebensee (Austria)
Ebensee, town, north-central Austria, where the Traun River enters Lake Traun (Traunsee) in the Salzkammergut region, south of Gmunden. Feuer Peak (5,241 feet [1,598 metres]) of the Höllen Mountains overlooks the town. Ebensee was first cited in 1450 and established a saltworks in 1607. The town
- Eberbach, Heinrich (German military officer)
Heinrich Eberbach was a German tank force commander in World War II. Eberbach entered the German army in July 1914 and fought on the Western Front during World War I, reaching the rank of lieutenant before he was wounded and taken prisoner by the French in 1915. After being freed in a
- Eberhard (duke of Franconia)
Eberhard was the duke of Franconia from 918. The brother of Conrad I, duke of Franconia and German king (911–918), Eberhard in 915 supported his brother’s ineffectual action against the rebellious duke of Saxony, Henry the Fowler. On Conrad’s death Henry became king as Henry I, probably at Conrad’s
- Eberhard I (duke of Württemberg)
Eberhard I was a count, later the 1st duke of Württemberg (from 1495), an administrative and ecclesiastic reformer who laid the foundations for Württemberg’s role in German history. Eberhard expanded his territories and in 1482 established primogeniture and settled the succession to his holdings.
- Eberhard im Bart (duke of Württemberg)
Eberhard I was a count, later the 1st duke of Württemberg (from 1495), an administrative and ecclesiastic reformer who laid the foundations for Württemberg’s role in German history. Eberhard expanded his territories and in 1482 established primogeniture and settled the succession to his holdings.
- Eberhard Louis (duke of Württemberg)
Württemberg: Duke Eberhard Louis (reigned 1693–1733) improved the duchy’s defenses and schools, built the celebrated Ludwigsburg Palace, and admitted Waldensian refugees from France, who introduced the textile and other industries into the duchy.
- Eberhard of Gandersheim (German priest)
Bad Gandersheim: …at Gandersheim, and the priest Eberhard of Gandersheim (flourished early 13th century) wrote a rhyming chronicle that is probably the earliest historical work composed in Low German.
- Eberhard, Johann August (German philosopher and theologian)
Johann August Eberhard was a German philosopher and lexicographer who defended the views of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz against those of Immanuel Kant and compiled a dictionary of the German language that remained in use for a century. After studying theology at the University of Halle, Eberhard
- Eberhard, Martin (American entrepreneur)
Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning: Eberhard grew up in Kensington, Calif., and studied at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he earned a bachelor’s degree (1982) in computer engineering and a master’s degree (1984) in electrical engineering. He then held a number of positions, including electrical engineer at Wyse…
- Eberhard, Martin, and Tarpenning, Marc (American entrepreneurs)
Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning are American entrepreneurs who cofounded the electric car company Tesla Motors. Eberhard grew up in Kensington, Calif., and studied at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he earned a bachelor’s degree (1982) in computer engineering and a
- Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen (university, Tübingen, Germany)
University of Tübingen, state-supported university at Tübingen, Ger. It was founded in 1477 by Count Eberhard VI (1445–96), later the first duke of Württemberg, a civic and ecclesiastic reformer who established the school after becoming absorbed in the Renaissance revival of learning during his
- Eberhardt, Isabella (French writer-adventuress)
el-Oued: …so-called by the French writer-adventurer Isabella Eberhardt (1877–1904). The town’s fortress mosque and use of arcades and arches reflect both Moorish and Roman influence.
- Eberhart, Nellie Richmond (American librettist)
Charles Wakefield Cadman: …about age 19 he met Nellie Richmond Eberhart, who would write most of his song lyrics and opera librettos. In his early 20s he held various jobs, pursuing music studies as he could. From 1908 to 1910 he was music critic for the Pittsburgh Dispatch. A visit to an Omaha…
- Eberhart, Richard (American poet)
Richard Eberhart was an American poet and teacher who was noted for his lyric verse and for his mentorship of aspiring poets. Educated at the University of Minnesota, Dartmouth College (B.A., 1926), the University of Cambridge (B.A., 1929; M.A., 1933), and Harvard University, Eberhart published his
- Eberhart, Richard Ghormley (American poet)
Richard Eberhart was an American poet and teacher who was noted for his lyric verse and for his mentorship of aspiring poets. Educated at the University of Minnesota, Dartmouth College (B.A., 1926), the University of Cambridge (B.A., 1929; M.A., 1933), and Harvard University, Eberhart published his
- Eberlein, Johann Friedrich (German porcelain maker)
Swan Service: …by Johann Joachim Kändler and Johann Friedrich Eberlein. Made for Heinrich, Count von Brühl, the factory director, it was composed of 2,200 pieces modeled and painted in the Rococo style with such aquatic motifs as swans and water nymphs. It is probably the single finest table service ever made in…
- Ebers papyrus (Egyptian texts)
Ebers papyrus, Egyptian compilation of medical texts dated about 1550 bc, one of the oldest known medical works. The scroll contains 700 magical formulas and folk remedies meant to cure afflictions ranging from crocodile bite to toenail pain and to rid the house of such pests as flies, rats, and