Guinea: Conté’s death, 2008 military coup, and 2010 elections: …leader Alpha Condé of the Rally of the Guinean People (Rassemblement du Peuple Guinéen; RPG), who received 18 percent—progressed to a runoff election. After some delay, the second round of voting was finally held on November 7, 2010. Provisional results, which were announced more than a week later, indicated that…

Togo: Togo under Étienne Gnassingbé Eyadéma: …by President Eyadéma and the Rally of the Togolese People (Rassemblement du Peuple Togolais; RPT). Legislative elections were held again in 1985.

National Rally, far right French political party founded in 1972 by François Duprat and François Brigneau. It is most commonly associated with Jean-Marie Le Pen, who was its leader from 1972 to 2011, and his daughter Marine Le Pen, who succeeded her father in 2011 and led the party until 2022.

Algeria: Constitutional referendum and the election of Abdelaziz Bouteflika: …a new government party, the National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement National et Démocratique; RND), was formed. Benefiting from unlimited government support, including the use of official buildings and funds, the RND quickly gained power. In the June elections for the National People’s Assembly, the RND won 156 out of 380 seats,…

Rally for the Republic, former French political party formed by Jacques Chirac in 1976 that presumed to be heir to the traditions of Charles de Gaulle. It was the direct successor to the Gaullist coalitions, operating under various names over the years, that had dominated the political life of the

Mikhail Mikhaylovich Zoshchenko: …famous were the stories in Rasskazy Nazara Ilicha, gospodina Sinebryukhova (1922; “The Tales of Nazar Ilyich, Mr. Bluebelly”). Zoshchenko used skaz, a first-person narrative form, in these tales, which depict Russia during the Russian Civil War (1918–20) from the point of view and in the language of a semiliterate soldier…

triolet: Frederich Rassmann made collections in 1815 and 1817 in which he distinguished three species of triolet: the legitimate form; the loose triolet, which only approximately abides by the rules as to number of rhymes and lines; and the single-strophe poem, which more or less accidentally…

Rastafari, religious and political movement, begun in Jamaica in the 1930s and adopted by many groups around the globe, that combines Protestant Christianity, mysticism, and a pan-African political consciousness. Rastas, as members of the movement are called, see their past, present, and future in

Bob Marley: Formation of the Wailers, role of Rastafari, and international fame: >Rastaman Vibration (1976), Exodus (1977), Kaya (1978), Uprising (1980), and the posthumous Confrontation (1983). Exploding in Marley’s reedy tenor, his songs were public expressions of personal truths—eloquent in their uncommon mesh of rhythm and blues, rock, and venturesome reggae forms and electrifying in their

treaties of Rastatt and Baden, (March 6 and Sept. 7, 1714), peace treaties between the Holy Roman emperor Charles VI and France that ended the emperor’s attempt to continue the War of the Spanish Succession (1700–14) after the other states had made peace in the Treaties of Utrecht (beginning in

Klemens von Metternich: Early life: …at the end of the Congress of Rastatt (1797–99), which ratified compensation for the German princes ousted by the French from their possessions on the left bank of the Rhine, he was in 1801 appointed Austrian minister to the Saxon court at Dresden, and there he formed his friendship with…

dictionary: Specialized dictionaries: …terms published in 1527 by John Rastell. His purpose, he said, was “to expound certain obscure and dark terms concerning the laws of this realm.” The dictionaries of technical terms in many fields often have the purpose of standardizing the terminology; this normative aim is especially important in newly developing…

William Rastell was an English printer, lawyer, and man of letters. He edited and published the works of his uncle, Thomas More. He also printed the only surviving plays of John Heywood, who married Rastell’s sister, Eliza. The son of John Rastell, a playwright and, like him, a lawyer and printer,

raster graphics, a type of digital image that uses tiny rectangular pixels, or picture elements, arranged in a grid formation to represent an image. Because the format can support a wide range of colours and depict subtle graduated tones, it is well suited for displaying continuous-tone images such

television: The scanning pattern: The geometry of the standard scanning pattern as displayed on a standard television screen is shown in the figure. It consists of two sets of lines. One set is scanned first, and the lines are so laid down that an equal…

percussion instrument: Idiophones: The South Asian rastrarang can be played either with small sticks by percussion or by rubbing wetted fingers along the rims—the cups do not contain water. But the jaltarang, also South Asian, makes use of water for fine tuning and for the playing of gamakas (ornaments) by carefully…

Valentin Katayev: Katayev’s novella Rastratchiki (1926; The Embezzlers) is a picaresque tale of two adventurers in the tradition of Gogol. His comic play Kvadratura kruga (1928; Squaring the Circle) portrays the effect of the housing shortage on two married couples who share a room. Beleyet parus odinoky (1936; Lonely White Sail,…

Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli was a French-born inventor of an opulent Russian Baroque architecture that combined elements of Rococo with traditional elements of Russian architecture, producing multicoloured and decorative ornamentation on all facades. Of Italian descent, Rastrelli moved to St.

Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli was a French-born inventor of an opulent Russian Baroque architecture that combined elements of Rococo with traditional elements of Russian architecture, producing multicoloured and decorative ornamentation on all facades. Of Italian descent, Rastrelli moved to St.

mackerel: …the family Scombridae include the Indian mackerels (Rastrelliger), which are rather stout, commercially valuable Indo-Australian fishes up to 38 cm long, and the frigate mackerels (Auxis), which are small, elongated fishes found worldwide and distinguished by a corselet of enlarged scales around the shoulder region that extend along the lateral…

Dzerzhinsk, city, Nizhegorod oblast (province), western Russia. Dzerzhinsk lies along the Oka River upstream from its confluence with the Volga River at Nizhny Novgorod. Part of the Nizhny Novgorod metropolitan area, Dzerzhinsk and its satellite towns stretch for 15 miles (24 km) along the Oka. The

prophecy: The centrality of prophecy in Islam: …himself as the messenger (rasūl) of Allah, the final messenger in a long chain that had begun with Noah and run through Jesus. As Allah’s rasūl, Muhammad saw his first mission to be that of warning the Arab peoples of the impending doomsday. No doubt Muhammad was influenced by…

Rasul v. Bush, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on June 28, 2004, that U.S. courts have jurisdiction to hear habeas corpus petitions filed on behalf of foreign nationals imprisoned at the Guantánamo Bay detention camp on the U.S. naval base at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, because the base, which

Rasulid dynasty, Muslim dynasty that ruled Yemen and Ḥaḍramawt (1229–1454) after the Ayyubids of Egypt abandoned the southern provinces of the Arabian Peninsula. The family took its name from Muḥammad ibn Hārūn, who, as a messenger (Arabic rasūl) for an Abbasid caliph, was known by the epithet

Italian literature: Women writers: …estasi (1985; “The First Ecstasy”) Elisabetta Rasy, moving on from criticism to fiction, endeavoured to re-create the mystic and ascetic consciousness of St. Thérèse of Lisieux. The spirit of Edgar Allan Poe lives on in the precisely related but arcane and enigmatic tales of La grande Eulalia (1988; “The Great…

rat, (genus Rattus), the term generally and indiscriminately applied to numerous members of several rodent families having bodies longer than about 12 cm, or 5 inches. (Smaller thin-tailed rodents are just as often indiscriminately referred to as mice.) In scientific usage, rat applies to any of 56

rat: ) In scientific usage, rat applies to any of 56 thin-tailed, medium-sized rodent species in the genus Rattus native to continental Asia and the adjacent islands of Southeast Asia eastward to the Australia-New Guinea region. A few species have spread far beyond their native range in close association with…

Ratchaburi, town, western Thailand, west of Bangkok. Prehistoric relics, cave drawings, and old Buddhist temples indicate that the site of Ratchaburi town, on the Mae Klong River, has been inhabited from early times. The town is now a river port, a station of the Bangkok-Singapore railway, and a

flea: General features: …distributed with some—such as the rat flea and the mouse flea—having been carried all over the world by humans. Native species of fleas are found in polar, temperate, and tropical regions.

Rat Islands, uninhabited group of the Aleutian Islands, southwestern Alaska, U.S. They extend about 110 miles (175 km) southeast of the Near Islands and west of the Andreanof Islands. The largest of the islands are Amchitka, Kiska, and Semisopochnoi. Separated from the Andreanof Islands by Amchitka

rat kangaroo, any of the 11 living species of Australian and Tasmanian marsupials constituting the families Potoroidae and Hypsiprymnodontidae, related to the kangaroo family, Macropodidae. Other potoroids are known only as fossils; the Potoroidae were already separated from the Macropodidae by the

escargot: …by a parasite called the rat lungworm (Angiostrongylus cantonensis), which causes eosinophilic meningitis. Snails can carry other parasites as well. Escargots, therefore, should not be eaten raw.

lungworm: …but in humans it causes rat lungworm disease, which is characterized by eosinophilic meningitis, an elevation of the white blood cells known as eosinophils in the central nervous system.

mite: …northern fowl mite, and the rat mite, all of which attack humans. In addition, there are nasal mites of dogs and birds, lung mites of monkeys, and predatory mites, which are sometimes of benefit in controlling plant-feeding mites.

rat opossum, (family Caenolestidae), any of six species of South American marsupials in the order Paucituberculata. Rat opossums include the common shrew opossums (genus Caenolestes) with four species, the Incan caenolestid (Lestoros inca), and the Chilean shrew opossum (Rhyncholestes raphanurus).

Rat Pack, a group of close-knit Las Vegas entertainers who frequently performed together onstage and in films in the 1960s. The core members of the Rat Pack were Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, and Sammy Davis, Jr.. The Rat Pack became notorious for their wild carousing and acquired a legendary status

Robert Mulligan: …to the big screen with The Rat Race, a romantic comedy starring Tony Curtis and Debbie Reynolds; it was based on a play by Garson Kanin, who also wrote the screenplay. Mulligan reteamed with Curtis on The Great Impostor (1961), a biopic about impersonator Ferdinand Waldo Demara, Jr. Next was…

Garson Kanin: Screenplays, theatrical work, and novels: …Happen to You (1954) and The Rat Race (1960; based on his play and novel of the same name). He also penned several scripts for the small screen, including Hardhat and Legs (1980), a TV movie that was his final collaboration with Gordon, who died in 1985.

rat snake, any of between 40 and 55 species of the genus Elaphe, of the family Colubridae and similar forms. They occur in North America, Europe, and Asia east to the Philippines. Most are found in woodlands and around farm buildings. They hunt rats and mice and kill them by constriction. They also

Günter Grass: …nuclear war; Die Rättin (1986; The Rat), a vision of the end of the human race that expresses Grass’s fear of nuclear holocaust and environmental disaster; and Unkenrufe (1992; The Call of the Toad), which concerns the uneasy relationship between Poland and Germany. In 1995 Grass published Ein weites Feld…

rat-bite fever, relapsing type of infection in which the causative bacteria are transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected rat. The disease occurs primarily in Asia and is caused by the bacterium Spirillum minus. Symptoms of spirillary rat-bite fever include infection at the site of

grenadier, any of about 300 species of abundant deep-sea fishes of the family Macrouridae found along the ocean bottom in warm and temperate regions. The typical grenadier is a large-headed fish with a tapered body ending in a long, ratlike tail bordered above and below by the anal and second

hover fly: The rat-tailed maggots (larvae) of the drone fly (Eristalis tenax), which live in drains and polluted waters, have a telescopic breathing tube at the rear that gives them their common name.

brown four-eyed opossum, (Metachirus nudicaudatus), the only large American marsupial (family Didelphidae, subfamily Didelphinae) that lacks a pouch. It gets its name from its brownish to yellowish fur colour and the creamy white spot above each eye. This opossum inhabits lowland tropical forests

brown four-eyed opossum, (Metachirus nudicaudatus), the only large American marsupial (family Didelphidae, subfamily Didelphinae) that lacks a pouch. It gets its name from its brownish to yellowish fur colour and the creamy white spot above each eye. This opossum inhabits lowland tropical forests

Adoor Gopalakrishnan: Rat-Trap examines the end of feudalism in Kerala through one family’s fall from power. The Walls is set in a British colonial prison in the 1940s and is about a political activist who falls in love with an unseen woman in a neighbouring prison after…

Garcinia: Rata, or yellow mangosteen (G. tinctorea), produces a peach-sized yellow fruit with a pointed end and acid-flavoured buttery yellow flesh. Bacupari (G. gardneriana) is native to South America and produces an edible aril. Garlic fruit, or bitter garcinia (G. spicata), is planted as an ornamental…

Marshall Islands: …parallel chains of coral atolls—the Ratak, or Sunrise, to the east and the Ralik, or Sunset, to the west. The chains lie about 125 miles (200 km) apart and extend some 800 miles northwest to southeast.

radio telescope: Filled-aperture telescopes: The Russian RATAN-600 telescope (RATAN stands for Radio Astronomical Telescope of the Academy of Sciences), located near Zelenchukskaya in the Caucasus Mountains, has 895 reflecting panels, each 7.4 metres (24.3 feet) high, arranged in a ring 576 metres (1,890 feet) in diameter. Using long parabolic cylinders, standing…

Rātana church, 20th-century religious awakening among the New Zealand Māori and a national political influence, especially during the period 1943–63, when its members held all four Māori parliamentary seats in the national capital. The Rātana church was founded by Tahupōtiki Wiremu Rātana, a

Rātana church: …Rātana church was founded by Tahupōtiki Wiremu Rātana, a Methodist Māori farmer who acquired a reputation as a visionary and faith healer. News of his extraordinary gifts drew Māori (and some whites) from all parts of New Zealand, who came to hear him preach his doctrine of moral reform under…

Bilaspur: Just north lies Ratanpur, an ancient Hindu capital of the Haihaya dynasty of Chhattisgarh; its ruins date from the 8th century ce. A major rail junction with extensive workshops, Bilaspur has agricultural trade and is a centre of rice and flour milling, sawmilling, and the manufacture of shellac.…

Kalachuri dynasty: Sarayupara and Ratanpur: The Ratanpur Kalachuris, who first ruled from Tummana and later from Ratanpur (16 miles [26 km] north of Bilaspur), were distantly related to, and feudatories of, the Tripuri Kalachuris. Beginning to rule in the early 11th century, they gained prominence under Jajalladeva I in the early…

Miguel Delibes: Smoke on the Ground).

José Bianco: The Rats is a psychological novel, with a complicated but flawlessly constructed plot that leads to the poisoning of the protagonist. Bianco’s narrator has a complicated psychological makeup that is elegantly drawn, and the plot develops inexorably yet unexpectedly to the surprising ending. Shadow Play…

ratatouille, seasonal vegetable stew of Provençal origin, comprising squash, tomatoes, and other garden vegetables and herbs. The teeming summer gardens of Mediterranean France are the inspiration for and source of ratatouille, a dish whose name is taken from two related words: ratouiller, meaning

ratatouille, seasonal vegetable stew of Provençal origin, comprising squash, tomatoes, and other garden vegetables and herbs. The teeming summer gardens of Mediterranean France are the inspiration for and source of ratatouille, a dish whose name is taken from two related words: ratouiller, meaning

Disney Company: Continuing expansion: ABC, Pixar, Marvel Entertainment, and Lucasfilm: …films, including Finding Nemo (2003), Ratatouille (2007), WALL∙E (2008), Up (2009), Toy Story 3 (2010), Inside Out (2015), Coco (2017), Toy Story 4 (2019), and Soul (2020), won Academy Awards for best animated film. Disney’s own

Ratchaburi, town, western Thailand, west of Bangkok. Prehistoric relics, cave drawings, and old Buddhist temples indicate that the site of Ratchaburi town, on the Mae Klong River, has been inhabited from early times. The town is now a river port, a station of the Bangkok-Singapore railway, and a

history of film: Great Britain: …by Danny Boyle, Lynne Ramsay’s Ratcatcher (1999) and Morvern Callar (2002), and Jonathan Glazer’s Under the Skin (2013).

Hameln: …notable half-timbered Renaissance houses, the Rattenfängerhaus (“Ratcatcher’s House”) and the Hochzeitshaus (“Wedding House”). Pop. (2003 est.) 58,902.

Thailand, country located in the centre of mainland Southeast Asia. Located wholly within the tropics, Thailand encompasses diverse ecosystems, including the hilly forested areas of the northern frontier, the fertile rice fields of the central plains, the broad plateau of the northeast, and the

Ratchaburi, town, western Thailand, west of Bangkok. Prehistoric relics, cave drawings, and old Buddhist temples indicate that the site of Ratchaburi town, on the Mae Klong River, has been inhabited from early times. The town is now a river port, a station of the Bangkok-Singapore railway, and a

ratchet, mechanical device that transmits intermittent rotary motion or permits a shaft to rotate in one direction but not in the opposite one. In the Figure the arm A and the ratchet wheel B are both pivoted at O. The stem of the pawl P can slide in the arm and is kept in its lowest position by

scraper: The cog rattle, or ratchet, is a more complex scraper, consisting of a cog wheel set in a frame to which a flexible tongue is attached; when the wheel revolves on its axle, the tongue scrapes the cogs. Found in Europe and Asia, cog rattles often…

Jamestown Colony: Origins (1606–07): …Edward-Maria Wingfield, a major investor; John Ratcliffe; George Kendall; John Martin; and Capt. John Smith, a former mercenary who had fought in the Netherlands and Hungary. Wingfield became the colony’s first president. Smith had been accused of plotting a mutiny during the ocean voyage and was not admitted to the…

Peter J. Ratcliffe is a British physician and scientist known for his research into the regulation of erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in response to low blood oxygen levels, and for his research into the mechanisms cells use to sense oxygen. His discoveries

Peter J. Ratcliffe is a British physician and scientist known for his research into the regulation of erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in response to low blood oxygen levels, and for his research into the mechanisms cells use to sense oxygen. His discoveries

Thomas Radcliffe, 3rd earl of Sussex was an English lord lieutenant of Ireland who suppressed a rebellion of the Roman Catholics in the far north of England in 1569. He was the first governor of Ireland to attempt, to any considerable extent, enforcement of English authority beyond the Pale

typography: Maturation of the printed book: …appear until 1476, when one Erhard Ratdolt in Venice used it on an astronomical and astrological calendar. The device was well established by the end of the incunabula period. Continuing the tradition of relative anonymity of authorship of the manuscript books, the earliest pages never, and later ones only seldom,…

reaction rate: The rate constant, or the specific rate constant, is the proportionality constant in the equation that expresses the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentrations of the reacting substances. The measurement and interpretation of reactions constitute the branch of chemistry known as…

insurance: Rate making: Closely associated with underwriting is the rate-making function. If, for example, the underwriter decides that the most important factor in discriminating between different risk characteristics is age, the rates will be differentiated according to age.

radiation measurement: Counting systems: …be indicated electronically using a rate meter. This unit provides an output signal that is proportional to the rate at which accepted pulses are occurring averaged over a response time that is normally adjustable by the user. Long response times minimize the fluctuations in the output signal due to the…

human development: Types and rates of human growth: …to the next, expressed as rate of growth per year. If growth is thought of as a form of motion, the height attained at successive ages can be considered the distance travelled, and the rate of growth, the velocity. The velocity or rate of growth reflects the child’s state at…

George A. Akerlof: …countries, Akerlof’s analysis explained that interest rates were often excessive because moneylenders lacked adequate information on the borrower’s creditworthiness.

Hungary: Demographic trends: …Hungary has experienced a negative natural increase rate (meaning the number of deaths has outpaced the number of births). These demographic trends were influenced by the urbanization and modernization process. As modernization spread from urban areas (where people generally have fewer children) into the countryside, so did the declining birth…

Arthur Laffer: …propounded the idea that lowering tax rates could result in higher revenues. His theory on taxes influenced U.S. economic policy in the 1980s.

separation and purification: Separations based on rates: Rate separation processes are based on differences in the kinetic properties of the components of a mixture, such as the velocity of migration in a medium or of diffusion through semipermeable barriers.

income tax: International variations in rate structures: …be said about variations in rate structures. The important variants in these structures are (1) the starting point and levels of first-bracket rates, (2) the top bracket or maximum marginal rates, and (3) the income range within which rates rise from the lowest to the highest levels.

Rihanna: Later works: Rated R, Talk That Talk, and Unapologetic: …that followed later that year, Rated R, much of which she cowrote, was marked by icily stark production and brooding lyrics that touched on revenge. Although her sales declined somewhat, she scored another major hit with “Rude Boy.” Rihanna returned to less-portentous fare on the dance-friendly Loud (2010). In early…

ratel, (Mellivora capensis), badgerlike member of the weasel family (Mustelidae) noted for its fondness for honey. Ratels live in covered and forested regions of Africa and southern Asia. The adult stands 25–30 cm (10–12 inches) at the shoulder and has a heavily built, thick-skinned body about

government budget: Local government finance in the United Kingdom: …was a property tax called rates.

Henri-René Lenormand: His best-known play, Les Ratés (1920; “The Failures”), traces the physical and moral disintegration of a playwright and his mistress, a mediocre actress, who, under the pressure of adversity, end their lives in murder and suicide. To elucidate the conflicts of the human psyche, Lenormand often chose abnormal…

ratfish, any of certain sharks of the chimaera (q.v.)

Tara: …a vast oval enclosure called Ráth na Riógh (“Fortress of the Kings”). Near the centre of this are two conjoined earthworks: Forradh (“Royal Seat”) and Teach Cormaic (“Cormac’s House”). On the latter is a pillar stone, often thought to be the inauguration stone of the kings of Tara. The other…

Kristallnacht: …7 of the German diplomat Ernst vom Rath by a Polish-Jewish student, Herschel Grynszpan. News of Rath’s death on November 9 reached Adolf Hitler in Munich, Germany, where he was celebrating the anniversary of the abortive 1923 Beer Hall Putsch. There, Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels, after conferring with Hitler,…

Lübeck: …Henry III), and the magnificent Rathaus (city hall), built in a combination of Gothic and Renaissance styles. Waterways and parklands outline the inner city, where the moat and ramparts once shielded it from attack. Two towered gates are remnants of the medieval fortifications: the Burgtor (1444), which received a new…

Rathayatra, Hindu festival of India, observed by taking an image of a deity in a procession (yatra) through the streets in a chariot (ratha). This affords darshan (auspicious viewing) of the deity to worshippers who, because of caste or sectarian restrictions, are not admitted to the sanctuary. It

Central Asian arts: Sculpture and painting: …scroll paintings such as the Rathayātrā Scroll (1617; Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya). Its planar intricacies reveal a new and vital aspect of Nepalese painting, an immediacy of emotion and action of its protagonists, the figures of which are placed on an opaque, velvety ground. The colours of these book…

Basil Rathbone was a British character actor whose portrayal of Sherlock Holmes highlighted a long and varied stage and screen career. Upon graduating from Repton school in England in 1910, Rathbone made his stage debut in Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew in 1911. A number of other

Basil Rathbone was a British character actor whose portrayal of Sherlock Holmes highlighted a long and varied stage and screen career. Upon graduating from Repton school in England in 1910, Rathbone made his stage debut in Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew in 1911. A number of other

hypophosphatasia, rare hereditary disorder characterized by very low levels of tissue and serum alkaline phosphatase (the enzyme necessary in cell processes such as muscle metabolism and bone formation). The disease is more common in females. Growth of the infant is retarded; permanent stunting may

Mary Jane Rathbun was an American marine zoologist known for establishing the basic taxonomic information on Crustacea. In 1881, at the urging of her brother, Richard Rathbun, of the U.S. Fish Commission, she volunteered to work at the Woods Hole Marine Research Center in Massachusetts. Her

Emil Rathenau was a German industrialist and a leading figure in the early European electrical industry. In 1883 he founded the Deutsche Edison-Gesellschaft to manufacture products based on Thomas A. Edison’s patents, for which he had purchased the European rights. The firm was renamed

Walther Rathenau was a German-Jewish statesman, industrialist, and philosopher who organized Germany’s economy on a war footing during World War I and, after the war, as minister of reconstruction and foreign minister, was instrumental in beginning reparations payments under the Treaty of

Dan Rather is an American newscaster and author who covered some of the most important historical events of his time, including the civil rights movement, the Vietnam War, and the Watergate scandal, during his four decades with CBS. Rather grew up in Texas, where his father laid pipeline for oil

Dan Rather is an American newscaster and author who covered some of the most important historical events of his time, including the civil rights movement, the Vietnam War, and the Watergate scandal, during his four decades with CBS. Rather grew up in Texas, where his father laid pipeline for oil

Martin H. Rathke: …embryonic structure, now known as Rathke’s pouch, from which the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland develops.

Martin H. Rathke was a German anatomist who first described the gill slits and gill arches in the embryos of mammals and birds. He also first described in 1839 the embryonic structure, now known as Rathke’s pouch, from which the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland develops. Rathke ended a 10-year

Martin H. Rathke was a German anatomist who first described the gill slits and gill arches in the embryos of mammals and birds. He also first described in 1839 the embryonic structure, now known as Rathke’s pouch, from which the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland develops. Rathke ended a 10-year