serum, the portion of plasma remaining after coagulation of blood, during which process the plasma protein fibrinogen is converted to fibrin and remains behind in the clot. Antiserum, which is prepared from the blood of animals or humans that have been exposed to a disease and have developed

Martyrs of Uganda: The soldiers and officials Bruno Serunkuma, James Buzabaliawo, and Luke Banabakintu were martyred with them.

Paul Sérusier was a French Post-Impressionist painter and theorist who was instrumental in the formation of the short-lived, but highly influential, late 19th-century art movement known as the Nabis. The group was noted for its expressive use of colour and pattern in the mode of Paul Gauguin.

Paul Sérusier was a French Post-Impressionist painter and theorist who was instrumental in the formation of the short-lived, but highly influential, late 19th-century art movement known as the Nabis. The group was noted for its expressive use of colour and pattern in the mode of Paul Gauguin.

Giovanni Battista Pergolesi: …an Italian composer whose intermezzo La serva padrona (“The Maid Turned Mistress”) was one of the most celebrated stage works of the 18th century.

serval, (Felis serval), long-limbed cat, family Felidae, found in Africa south of the Sahara, especially in grass- and bush-covered country near water. A swift, agile cat, the serval climbs and leaps very well. It is a nocturnal hunter preying on birds and small mammals such as rodents and hares.

serval: …individuals, which are known as servaline cats and were once considered a distinct species (Felis brachyura or servalina). All-black individuals are found in some populations, especially those from the high country of Kenya.

Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber was a French journalist and politician. Servan-Schreiber volunteered in the Free French Army forces of Charles de Gaulle as a fighter pilot in 1943 and received the Cross of Valor for his services. In 1947 he graduated from the École Polytechnique. After serving as

Giovanni Niccolò Servandoni was a theatrical designer and architect famous for his Baroque stage sets and for his proto-Neoclassical plan for the facade of the Church of Saint-Sulpice in Paris (1732). Born to an Italian mother and a French father, Servandoni is considered a French artist, although

Giovanni Niccolò Servandoni was a theatrical designer and architect famous for his Baroque stage sets and for his proto-Neoclassical plan for the facade of the Church of Saint-Sulpice in Paris (1732). Born to an Italian mother and a French father, Servandoni is considered a French artist, although

Giovanni Niccolò Servandoni was a theatrical designer and architect famous for his Baroque stage sets and for his proto-Neoclassical plan for the facade of the Church of Saint-Sulpice in Paris (1732). Born to an Italian mother and a French father, Servandoni is considered a French artist, although

Anne Rice: Religious works and later books: …works included the stand-alone novels Servant of the Bones (1996), about a genie named Azriel, and Violin (1997), a ghost story in which music figures prominently. The Wolf Gift Chronicles, which began with The Wolf Gift (2012) and The Wolves of Midwinter (2013), represented a return to her Gothic roots.…

Volodymyr Zelensky: Servant of the People and path to the presidency: …2018 Kvartal 95 officially registered Servant of the People as a political party in Ukraine.

Volodymyr Zelensky: Servant of the People and path to the presidency: In 2013 Zelensky returned to Kvartal 95 as artistic director, but his entertainment career would soon intersect with the seismic events rocking Ukraine’s political landscape. In February 2014 the government of Ukrainian Pres. Viktor Yanukovych was…

Paula Fox: Writing career: Her other adult novels include A Servant’s Tale (1984) and The God of Nightmares (1990), among others. News from the World: Stories and Essays appeared in 2011. Both Borrowed Finery (2001) and The Coldest Winter: A Stringer in Liberated Europe (2005) are memoirs.

Robin Maugham: …notoriety with his first novel, The Servant (1948).

Harold Pinter: …films directed by Joseph Losey, The Servant (1963), Accident (1967), and The Go-Between (1970). He also wrote the screenplays for The Last Tycoon (1976), The French Lieutenant’s Woman (1981), the screen version of his own play Betrayal (1983), The Handmaid’s Tale

Servants of India Society, society founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1905 to unite and train Indians of different ethnicities and religions in welfare work. It was the first secular organization in that country to devote itself to the underprivileged, rural and tribal people, emergency relief

Servite, a Roman Catholic order of mendicant friars—religious men who lead a monastic life, including the choral recitation of the liturgical office, but do active work—founded in 1233 by a group of seven cloth merchants of Florence. These men, known collectively as the Seven Holy Founders, left

Mother Alphonsa Lathrop: …nun, and founder of the Servants of Relief for Incurable Cancer, a Roman Catholic congregation of nuns affiliated with the Third Order of St. Dominic and dedicated to serving victims of terminal cancer.

Dutch literature: Poetry and prose: …for German poets, Heinrich produced Servatius, a saint’s life written in the Limburg dialect. Dutch 13th- and 14th-century texts were generally written in the cultural centres of Flanders and Brabant, where, for reasons of trade, the prevailing influence was French. Throughout Europe the Crusades brought courtly romances into vogue, and…

Naomi Osaka: …last of those tournaments her serve was clocked at 125 miles (201 km) per hour, one of the fastest serves ever recorded in the women’s game. Osaka was named the 2016 Newcomer of the Year by the WTA.

Alice Marble: …aggressively and pioneered the women’s serve-and-volley style of play (wherein a player rushes up toward the net after a serve). Her early pitching practice lent itself to a powerful tennis serve, and her excellent hand-to-eye coordination and speed gave her an exceptional game at the net.

server, network computer, computer program, or device that processes requests from a client (see client-server architecture). On the World Wide Web, for example, a Web server is a computer that uses the HTTP protocol to send Web pages to a client’s computer when the client requests them. On a local

Michael Servetus was a Spanish physician and theologian whose unorthodox teachings led to his condemnation as a heretic by both Protestants and Roman Catholics and to his execution by Calvinists from Geneva. While living in Toulouse, France, Servetus studied law and delved into the problem of the

Recaizade Mahmud Ekrem: Writing for Servet-i Fünum, an avant-garde literary and sometimes political periodical, Ekrem developed a great following among younger poets. Like many members of the contemporary French Parnassian movement, Ekrem adhered to the principle of “art for art’s sake.”

Michael Servetus was a Spanish physician and theologian whose unorthodox teachings led to his condemnation as a heretic by both Protestants and Roman Catholics and to his execution by Calvinists from Geneva. While living in Toulouse, France, Servetus studied law and delved into the problem of the

Servius Tullius: …who is credited with the Servian Constitution, which divided citizens into five classes according to wealth. This attribution may be a reading back into the uncertain past of reforms that were not effected until a much later date. He is also credited, probably incorrectly, with introducing silver and bronze coinage.

Rome: City layout: The so-called Servian Wall, named for the 6th-century-bce Roman king Servius Tullius but built almost certainly 12 years after the Gauls’ destruction of Rome in 390 bce, enclosed most of the Esquiline and Caelian hills and all of the other five. It was built into ramparts that…

Hadrian: Rise to power: In 98 Julius Servianus, his brother-in-law, attempted unsuccessfully to prevent him from being the first to inform Trajan of Nerva’s death. Thereafter, the two men were probably never on cordial terms, for Servianus posed a constant threat to Hadrian’s position.

Naomi Osaka: …last of those tournaments her serve was clocked at 125 miles (201 km) per hour, one of the fastest serves ever recorded in the women’s game. Osaka was named the 2016 Newcomer of the Year by the WTA.

consumption: Consumption and the business cycle: Services include a broad range of items including telephone and utility service, legal and financial services, and travel and lodging services. Nondurable goods include food and other immediately perishable items (sometimes called “strictly nondurable goods”) as well as some items that can be expected to…

United States service academies, Group of institutions of higher education for the training of military and merchant marine officers: the U.S. Military Academy (West Point), the U.S. Naval Academy (Annapolis), the U.S. Air Force Academy, the U.S. Coast Guard Academy (established 1876 near New

service club, an organization, usually composed of business and professional men or women, that promotes fellowship among its members and is devoted to the principle of volunteer community service. The idea of the service club originated in the United States and has had its greatest popularity

Charles Pasqua: …War (1954–62), Pasqua created the Civic Action Service (Service d’Action Civique; SAC) to protect Gaullist personalities from terrorist bombings and attacks by far-right French Algerians who opposed Algerian independence.

DGSE, (“External Documentation and Counterespionage Service”), secret intelligence and counterintelligence service that operates under the defense ministry of the French government. This agency was established in 1947 to combine under one head a variety of separate agencies, some dating from the

guide dog, dog that is professionally trained to guide, protect, or aid its master. Systematic training of guide dogs originated in Germany during World War I to aid blinded veterans. Seeing Eye dog, a moniker often used synonymously with guide dog, refers to a guide dog trained by The Seeing Eye,

John Sweeney: In 1961 he joined the Service Employees International Union (SEIU) as a contract director for New York City Local 32B, and he became president of the local in 1976. Elected president of the SEIU in 1980, he was credited with boosting membership by 75 percent (to more than one million)…

Sega Corporation, software and hardware company created in the United States—but now based in Japan—that developed computers and electronic game technology. Sega originated in 1940 as Standard Games, a coin-operated game company in Hawaii. While providing games for military bases, the company was

service industry, an industry in that part of the economy that creates services rather than tangible objects. Economists divide all economic activity into two broad categories, goods and services. Goods-producing industries are agriculture, mining, manufacturing, and construction; each of them

Apollo: The service module (SM) was attached to the back of the CM and carried its fuel and power to form the command/service module (CSM). Docked to the front of the CSM was the lunar module (LM). One astronaut stayed in the CSM while the other two…

Russia: The Petrine state: …similar fashion from the landowning service class. The terms of service prevailing in Muscovite times, however, were transformed radically. The young noble serviceman was called to serve from age 15 until his death or total incapacity. In principle, service was permanent with only rare leaves granted to attend to family…

service industry, an industry in that part of the economy that creates services rather than tangible objects. Economists divide all economic activity into two broad categories, goods and services. Goods-producing industries are agriculture, mining, manufacturing, and construction; each of them

operations research: Model construction: …the cars stopping at urban automotive service stations located at intersections of two streets revealed that almost all came from four of the 16 possible routes through the intersection (four ways of entering times four ways of leaving). Examination of the percentage of cars in each route that stopped for…

logistics: Services: …as distinct from the “service support” functions of supply, transportation, hospitalization and evacuation, military justice and discipline, custody of prisoners of war, civil affairs, personnel administration, and nontactical construction (performed by “construction” engineers). Training of combat troops is hardly ever considered a logistic service, whereas training of service troops…

ship: Service vessels: The service ships are mostly tugs or towing vessels whose principal function is to provide propulsive power to other vessels. Most of them serve in harbours and inland waters, and, because the only significant weight they need carry is a propulsion plant and…

tennis: Strategy and technique: …the ball and a “service winner” if the opponent reaches it but cannot play it, or the server can force such a weak return that his second shot is an easy “kill.” Especially on faster surfaces, the server may also follow his delivery to the net and establish his…

Elman Rogers Service was an American anthropological theorist of cultural evolution and formulator of the nomenclature now in standard use to categorize primitive societies as bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states. Although widely accepted, the system was abandoned by Service himself because his

Robert W. Service was a popular verse writer called “the Canadian Kipling” for his rollicking ballads of the “frozen North,” notably “The Shooting of Dan McGrew.” Service emigrated to Canada in 1896 and, while working for the Canadian Bank of Commerce in Victoria, British Columbia, was stationed

Robert W. Service was a popular verse writer called “the Canadian Kipling” for his rollicking ballads of the “frozen North,” notably “The Shooting of Dan McGrew.” Service emigrated to Canada in 1896 and, while working for the Canadian Bank of Commerce in Victoria, British Columbia, was stationed

serviceberry, (genus Amelanchier), genus of some 20 species of flowering shrubs and small trees of the rose family (Rosaceae). Most species are North American; exceptions include the snowy mespilus (Amelanchier ovalis), which ranges over Europe, and the Asian serviceberry, or Korean juneberry (A.

The ServiceMaster Company, American holding company specializing in home and commercial services such as lawn care and landscaping, cleaning, plumbing, home security, and home inspection. It is characterized by a philosophy that combines goals of economic success with a mandate for “honouring God

G.I. Bill, U.S. legislation adopted in 1944 that provided various benefits to veterans of World War II. Through the Veterans Administration (later the Department of Veterans Affairs; VA), the act enabled veterans to obtain grants for school and college tuition, low-interest mortgage and

economics: The marginalists: …among increments of goods and services; that is, they examined the benefit (utility) that a consumer derives from buying an additional unit of something (a commodity or service) that he already possesses in some quantity. (See utility and value.) The idea of emphasizing the “marginal” (or last) unit proved in…

South America: Sociological changes: …example, institutions such as the Protective Service for the Indians (Serviço de Proteção do Indio) and the National Indian Foundation (Fundação Nacional do Indio) were established, although such organizations often have become agents for the relocation and control of Indian groups rather than for their interests and survival. Christian missionaries…

servitude: …parcel is called the “servient estate” and the benefited parcel the “dominant estate.” Benefits and burdens that run with the land are “appurtenant” (i.e., they must be used for specific property) and cannot generally be detached from the land with which they are associated. Because appurtenant benefits and burdens…

Servilia was the mistress of Julius Caesar, mother to his murderer Marcus Brutus, and one of the grandes dames of Rome’s late republican period. Servilia was the daughter of Quintus Servilius Caepio and Livia. Servilia was first wed to Marcus Junius Brutus, by whom she bore the younger Brutus in 85

Isauria: …by the Roman general Publius Servilius Vatia “Isauricus” in a three-year campaign, 76–74 bc. Their country with its capital, Isaura Palaia, was joined with Cilicia by Pompey; and under the emperor Augustus (reigned 27 bc–ad 14) it became part of the Roman province of Galatia. Isauria was later prominent as…

Servite, a Roman Catholic order of mendicant friars—religious men who lead a monastic life, including the choral recitation of the liturgical office, but do active work—founded in 1233 by a group of seven cloth merchants of Florence. These men, known collectively as the Seven Holy Founders, left

Seven Holy Founders ; canonized 1888; feast day February 17) were the seven Italian saints who founded the Servite order in 1233. The Seven Holy Founders are Saints Bonfilius, Alexis Falconieri, John Bonagiunta, Benedict dell’Antella, Bartholomew Amidei, Gerard Sostegni, and Ricoverus Uguccione.

Marxism: The contributions of Engels: …humanity from the condition of servitude imposed by the capitalist mode of production, the state will also be abolished and religion will disappear by “natural death.”

servitude, in Anglo-American property law, a device that ties rights and obligations to ownership or possession of land so that they run with the land to successive owners and occupiers. In contemporary property law, servitudes allow people to create stable long-term arrangements for a wide variety

license: …may be called an “executed parol license,” though it is more accurately called a servitude created by estoppel, a term that better describes both the process used to create the right and the resulting right itself. An executed parol license creates a right that runs with the land indefinitely,…

Alfred-Victor, count de Vigny: Maturity and disillusionment.: Vigny’s novel Servitude et grandeur militaires (1835; “Servitude and Military Greatness”; Eng. trans. The Military Necessity) is also a consultation. The book’s three stories, linked by personal comment, deal with the dignity and suffering of the soldier, who is obliged by his profession to kill yet who…

Servius was a Latin grammarian, commentator, and teacher, author of a valuable commentary on Virgil. As an adulescens Servius was one of the speakers in the Saturnalia of Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius, and at least the greater part of his life was spent in Rome. His commentary on Virgil is extant

Galba was a Roman emperor for seven months (ad 68–69), whose administration was priggishly upright, though his advisers allegedly were corrupt. Galba was the son of the consul Gaius Sulpicius Galba and Mummia Achaica, and in addition to great wealth and ancient lineage he enjoyed the favour of the

Galba was a Roman emperor for seven months (ad 68–69), whose administration was priggishly upright, though his advisers allegedly were corrupt. Galba was the son of the consul Gaius Sulpicius Galba and Mummia Achaica, and in addition to great wealth and ancient lineage he enjoyed the favour of the

Servius Tullius was traditionally the sixth king of Rome, who is credited with the Servian Constitution, which divided citizens into five classes according to wealth. This attribution may be a reading back into the uncertain past of reforms that were not effected until a much later date. He is also

servomechanism, automatic device used to correct the performance of a mechanism by means of an error-sensing feedback. The term servomechanism properly applies only to systems in which the feedback and error-correction signals control mechanical position or one of its derivatives such as velocity

electric motor: Servomotors: A servomotor is a small induction motor with two stator windings displaced 90° with respect to each other around its periphery. The rotor is usually of the squirrel-cage type but made with relatively high resistance conductors. The purpose of the motor is to provide…

Adonias Filho: …1940s with the publication of Os Servos da Morte (1946; “The Servants of Death”), the first of three novels depicting life in the cacao-growing region of northeastern Brazil. Memórias de Lázaro (1952; Memories of Lazarus) and O Forte (1965; “The Fortress”) complete the trilogy. In 1962 he published the novel…

stained glass: Periods and centres of activity: …1918) in the church at Séry-les-Mézières, northwest of Reims in France, probably of the 9th century. It appears certain that, as at Séry-les-Mézières, many of these early windows contained coloured glass arranged in comparatively simple decorative designs, with little use of the painted design.

Yiddish literature: Writers in New York: …early poem, “Sezame” (1921; “Sesame”), takes on the voice of Ali Baba’s doomed brother-in-law: “Open, sesame. / It darkens in the cave. / And I, / Weakened under the weight / Of the sacks of gold, silver, and diamonds, / Whisper without strength: / Open, sesame.” Other poems emphasize…

sesame, (Sesamum indicum), erect annual plant of the family Pedaliaceae, grown since antiquity for its seeds, which are used as food and flavouring and from which a prized oil is extracted. Widely cultivated, the sesame plant is found in most of the tropical, subtropical, and southern temperate

John Ruskin: Cultural criticism of John Ruskin: Sesame and Lilies (1865) would become notorious in the late 20th century as a stock example of Victorian male chauvinism. In fact, Ruskin was using the conventional construction of the feminine, as pacific, altruistic, and uncompetitive, to articulate yet another symbolic assertion of his anticapitalist…

sesame: …the seed is its fixed oil, which usually amounts to about 44 to 60 percent. Noted for its stability, the oil resists oxidative rancidity. The seeds are also high in protein and are rich in thiamin and vitamin B6.

sesame: …grown since antiquity for its seeds, which are used as food and flavouring and from which a prized oil is extracted. Widely cultivated, the sesame plant is found in most of the tropical, subtropical, and southern temperate areas of the world. The aroma and taste of sesame seed are mild…

Sesame Street, American educational television series for children. It debuted in 1969 on the National Educational Television network, an entity that became the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) in 1970. The show has been continually broadcast since its inception, making it one of the

Television in the United States: Educational TV: Created and funded by the Children’s Television Workshop, an organization founded and supported by the Ford Foundation, the Carnegie Corporation, and the U.S. Office of Education, Sesame Street used production techniques pioneered in advertising—fast cutting, catchy music, amusing characters and situations—to teach preschoolers the alphabet, counting, and basic reading, arithmetic,…

Japanese music: Melodic principles: That so-called sesame-seed notation (goma-ten) remains basic to Noh vocal music today, and there are many detailed books in modern Japanese to help the initiate follow the music with the aid of a teacher. Variations in notation style and in the interpretation of specific passages are maintained by the…

joint: Structure and elements of synovial joints: …cartilages or partly ossified as sesamoid bones (small, flat bones developed in tendons that move over bony surfaces). Parts of the synovial layer project into the cavity to form fatty pads. In a few diarthroses the fibrous layer also projects inward to become intra-articular disks, or menisci. These various structures…

Lamiales: Pedaliaceae: Pedaliaceae, the sesame family, is a small family of 14 genera and 70 species. Its native distribution is exclusively Old World, in tropical and dry habitats, and its best-known member is Sesamum indicum (sesame). These are herbs or shrubs with spurred flowers and ovaries…

sesame, (Sesamum indicum), erect annual plant of the family Pedaliaceae, grown since antiquity for its seeds, which are used as food and flavouring and from which a prized oil is extracted. Widely cultivated, the sesame plant is found in most of the tropical, subtropical, and southern temperate

Lina Bo Bardi: Work After Bahia: …major architecture project was the SESC Pompéia (built in stages, 1977–1986), a leisure and cultural centre in São Paulo sponsored by the nonprofit Social Service of Commerce (Serviço Social do Comércio). Bo Bardi converted an old steel drum factory into a facility for sports, theatre, and other leisure activities.

African music: History: …during the 19th century, the zeze (or sese) flatbar zither, a stringed instrument long known along the East African coast, spread into the interior to Zambia, the eastern half of Congo (Kinshasa), and Malaŵi.

Lake Victoria: …the 62 islands of the Sese archipelago, some of them of striking beauty.

fascism: Serbia: …power at the expense of Vojislav Seselj’s Serbian Radical Party (Srpska Radikalna Stranka; SRS), then the largest neofascist party in Serbia. Although the SPS had won 65 percent of the vote in elections to the Serbian assembly in 1990, deteriorating economic conditions and perceived threats to Serbian enclaves in Croatia…

Seshachalam Hills, hill ranges of the Eastern Ghats, southern Andhra Pradesh state, southeastern India. Formed during Precambrian time (i.e., earlier than about 540 million years ago), the ranges contain sandstone and shale interbedded with limestone and are highly dissected, with many longitudinal

Seshat, in ancient Egyptian religion, the goddess of writing and measurement and the ruler of books. She was the consort of the god Djhuty (Thoth), and both were divine scribes (sesb). She was portrayed as a female wearing a headband with horns and a star with her name written on it.

Seshego, town, Limpopo province, South Africa. It lies directly northwest of Polokwane. Until 1974 Seshego was the capital of the nonindependent Bantustan of Lebowa, which was abolished in 1994. The town’s industries produce food, beverages, tobacco, textiles, wearing apparel, leather goods, wood

percussion instrument: Idiophones: …closed at the top: the sesheshet was shaped like a temple, the iba like a closed horseshoe. Sacred to the Egyptian goddess Hathor, the iba was played only by women, and after Hathor’s metamorphosis into the goddess Isis it remained sacred to Isis.

lacquerwork: Application: …mixture of rice paste and seshime lacquer, until an absolutely even surface is obtained. It is then given a thin coat of seshime lacquer to fill up the pores of the wood and to provide a basis for succeeding operations, which may number as many as 20 or 30 or…

Pantelleria Island: …southeast are tombs, known as sesi, similar to the nuraghi of Sardinia, comprising rough lava towers with sepulchral chambers in them. After a considerable interval, during which the island probably remained uninhabited, the Phoenicians established a trading station there in the 7th century bc. Later controlled by the Carthaginians, it…

clearwing moth, (family Sesiidae), any of approximately 1,000 species of moths (order Lepidoptera) that are long-legged with a slender, dark body with bright red or yellow markings. The wings frequently lack scales and are transparent. Unlike those of other moths, the front and back wings are

lepidopteran: Annotated classification: Superfamily Sesioidea Approximately 1,200 species worldwide; most sesioid moths are diurnal with many aposematic adults. Family Sesiidae (clearwing, or wasp, moths) More than 1,000 species worldwide; adults diurnal flower visitors; often brightly coloured with yellow, orange, or scarlet, the wings usually mostly

Aegean civilizations: Neolithic (New Stone Age): …with specialized industries like potteries; Sesklo is an important site several acres in extent, with nearly 30 houses, a sophisticated gate, and striking red-and-white pottery. In the Late Neolithic, walled communities with special big houses that had megarons (central halls), as at Dhimini, suggest social hierarchies and dominant chiefs.

hwarangdo: … can be seen in the sesok o-kye (“five commandments”). These norms of virtuous conduct, apparently derived from Confucian and Buddhist teachings, taught loyal service to the king, filial piety, faithfulness to friends, courage in battle, and the evil of indiscriminate killing.

Sesostris I was a king of ancient Egypt who succeeded his father after a 10-year coregency and brought Egypt to a peak of prosperity. Sesostris became coregent in c. 1920 bce with his aging father, Amenemhet I, who had founded the 12th dynasty (c. 1939–c. 1760 bce). While his father completed his

Sesostris II was the king of ancient Egypt (reigned 1845–37 bce) of the 12th dynasty (1939–c. 1760) who devoted himself to the peaceful exploitation of Nubia, Egypt’s territory to the south, and initiated the development of Al-Fayyūm, a great oasis-like depression west of the Nile River and

Sesostris III was a king of ancient Egypt (reigned c. 1837–19 bce) of the 12th dynasty (c. 1939–1760 bce), who completely reshaped Egypt’s government and extended his dominion in Nubia, the land immediately south of Egypt. During the reigns of his predecessors, the provincial nobles of Middle Egypt