chondrichthyan: Sharks: Sleeper sharks (Somniosus), which occur mainly in polar and subpolar regions, are known to feed on fishes, small whales, squid, crabs, seals, and carrion from whaling stations. Many bottom-dwelling sharks, such as the smooth dogfishes (Triakis and Mustelus), take crabs, lobsters, and other crustaceans, as…

Barry Levinson: …films included the revenge thriller Sleepers (1996), the political satire Wag the Dog (1997), the coming-of-age story Liberty Heights (1999), the political thriller Man of the Year (2006), and the comedy Rock the Kasbah (2015).

James Purdy: In his trilogy, Sleepers in Moon-Crowned Valleys—consisting of Jeremy’s Vision (1970), The House of the Solitary Maggot (1974), and Mourners Below (1981)—Purdy explores small-town American life and destructive family relationships.

Robert Bly: …poems and prose poems included Sleepers Joining Hands (1973), This Body Is Made of Camphor and Gopherwood (1977), This Tree Will Be Here for a Thousand Years (1979), Morning Poems (1997), and Eating the Honey of Words (1999). His poems of The Man in the Black Coat Turns (1981) explore…

Sleeping Bear Dunes, large complex of shifting sand dunes, extending 7 miles (11 km) along the northeastern shore of Lake Michigan between Empire and Glen Haven, in the northwestern part of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, U.S. The name derives from an Ojibwa Indian legend in which a mother bear

Sleeping Bear Dunes: Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, authorized in 1970 and established in 1977, encompasses 111 square miles (287 square km). It stretches for some 35 miles (55 km) along the shoreline and includes the wilderness areas of North Manitou and South Manitou islands (accessible by ferry…

Stephen King: Personal life and honors: With Owen King he wrote Sleeping Beauties (2017), in which women become wrapped in cocoons when they fall asleep.

Neuschwanstein Castle: …served as inspiration for Disneyland’s Sleeping Beauty Castle.

Anne Rice: Erotic novels and the Mayfair witches: Eroticism distinguished The Sleeping Beauty series—four stories (1983–85 and 2015) published under the pseudonym A.N. Roquelaure, which some critics classified as “pornography”—and two novels she published as Anne Rampling, Exit to Eden (1985; film 1994) and Belinda (1986).

Edith Sitwell: … (1918), Bucolic Comedies (1923), and The Sleeping Beauty (1924), in which she created her own world of beautiful objects, nursery symbols, and unfamiliar images, revealed the influence of W.B. Yeats and T.S. Eliot. Her emphasis on the value of sound in poetry was shown especially in Façade (1923), for which…

Léon Bakst: …production of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky’s The Sleeping Beauty (also called The Sleeping Princess). It proved to be his last major work. He visited the United States in 1922–23, where, among other projects, he designed a private theatre (restored 1990) for Evergreen House (now the Evergreen Museum and Library), the Baltimore…

sleeping car, railroad coach designed for overnight passenger travel. The first sleeping cars were put in service on American railroads as early as the 1830s, but these were makeshift; the first car designed for comfortable nighttime travel was the Pullman sleeper, which was commercially introduced

Costa-Gavras: …first film, Compartiment tueurs (1965; The Sleeping Car Murders), was a detective thriller. His second, 1 homme de trop (1967; “One Man Too Many”; Shock Troops), a World War II drama, had good reviews, but it was his next film, Z (1969), a powerfully dramatic description of political assassination in…

Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP), first African American labour union to be affiliated with the American Federation of Labor. Founded in 1925 by labour organizer and civil rights activist A. Philip Randolph, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP) aimed to improve the working

Constantin Brancusi: Early life and works: …the first version of the Sleeping Muse, a sculpture of a woman’s face in which the features suggest an unformed block of marble. Also in 1908 Brancusi executed his first truly original work, The Kiss, in which the vertical figures of two entwined adolescents form a closed volume with symmetrical…

Léon Bakst: …production of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky’s The Sleeping Beauty (also called The Sleeping Princess). It proved to be his last major work. He visited the United States in 1922–23, where, among other projects, he designed a private theatre (restored 1990) for Evergreen House (now the Evergreen Museum and Library), the Baltimore…

sleeping sickness, disease caused by infection with the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma brucei gambiense or the closely related subspecies T. brucei rhodesiense, transmitted by the tsetse fly (genus Glossina). Sleeping sickness is characterized by two stages of illness. In the first stage,

encephalitis lethargica, form of encephalitis that emerged in the early 20th century. An encephalitis lethargica epidemic occurred from 1915 to 1928. The disease was first described medically in 1917, though numerous possible forerunners dating back to the 16th century have been identified.

Titian: Early life and works: …landscape background to Giorgione’s unfinished Sleeping Venus, a fact recorded by a contemporary writer, Marcantonio Michiel. Still Giorgionesque is the somewhat more lush setting of Titian’s Baptism of Christ (c. 1515), in which the donor, Giovanni Ram, appears at the lower right.

Julia Roberts: …1990s, starring in Flatliners (1990), Sleeping with the Enemy (1991), The Pelican Brief (1993), Something to Talk About (1995), Mary Reilly (1996), My Best Friend’s Wedding (1997), and Stepmom (1998), for which she also served as executive producer. Her personal life at times overshadowed her professional

Jamie Foxx: …film credits from 2017 included Sleepless, in which he played an undercover police officer whose teenaged son is kidnapped by gangsters, and Baby Driver, an action comedy about bank robbers.

Nora Ephron: …Harry Met Sally… (1989) and Sleepless in Seattle (1993). She also directed the latter film, which starred Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan. After several critical and commercial failures, Ephron returned to Sleepless in Seattle’s winning formula in the late 1990s, once again pairing Hanks and Ryan in the romantic comedy…

Neil Young: Harvest, Rust Never Sleeps, and Harvest Moon: His next significant album, Sleeps with Angels (1994), was a meditation on death that mixed ballads with more-typical Crazy Horse-backed rockers. In 1995 Young was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and added to his grunge bona fides with Mirror Ball, a collaboration with Pearl Jam.…

Ira Glass: …cowrote and produced the film Sleepwalk with Me (2012), an adaptation of a one-man show starring comedian (and frequent This American Life contributor) Mike Birbiglia. Glass also was a producer on Birbiglia’s film Don’t Think Twice (2016), which was about a New York City improv comedy troupe.

Vincenzo Bellini: …and Juliet; La sonnambula (1831; The Sleepwalker); and Norma (1831). La sonnambula, an opera semiseria (serious but with a happy ending), became very popular, even in England, where an English version appeared. Bellini’s masterpiece, Norma, a tragedy set in ancient Gaul, achieved lasting success despite an initial failure.

The Sleepwalkers, trilogy of novels by Hermann Broch, published in German in three volumes as Die Schlafwandler in 1931–32. The multilayered novels chronicle the dissolution of the fabric of European society from 1888 to the end of World War I and the consequent victory of the realist over the

sleepwalking, a behavioral disorder of sleep in which a person sits up and performs various motor actions, such as standing, walking about, talking, eating, screaming, dressing, going to the bathroom, or even leaving the house. The episode usually ends with the sleepwalker’s returning to sleep,

African literature: Portuguese: …Couto wrote Terra sonâmbula (1992; Sleepwalking Land); its publication was a major event in prose writing in Mozambique. Couto moves between reality and fantasy in his writing. In A varanda de frangipani (1996; Under the Frangipani), for instance, a man returns from the dead to become a spirit that moves…

Tim Burton: …called the worst director ever; Sleepy Hollow (1999), which was based on Washington Irving’s story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”; and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005), an adaptation of Roald Dahl’s children’s book of the same name.

Zoot Suit Riots: Prelude to the riots: …are commonly associated with the Sleepy Lagoon murder, which occurred in August 1942. The Sleepy Lagoon, as it was nicknamed, was one of the larger reservoirs outside the city of Los Angeles. On the night of August 1, 1942, zoot-suiters were involved in a fight at a party near the…

lizard: Parental care: In Australia, juvenile sleepy lizards (Tiliqua rugosa) remain in their mother’s home range for an extended period, and this behaviour suggests that they gain a survival advantage by doing so. Female sleepy lizards and those of the Baudin Island spiny-tailed skink (Egernia stokesii aethiops) recognize their own offspring…

encephalitis lethargica, form of encephalitis that emerged in the early 20th century. An encephalitis lethargica epidemic occurred from 1915 to 1928. The disease was first described medically in 1917, though numerous possible forerunners dating back to the 16th century have been identified.

sleet, globular, generally transparent ice pellets that have diameters of 5 mm (0.2 inch) or less and that form as a result of the freezing of raindrops or the freezing of mostly melted snowflakes. Larger particles are called hailstones (see hail). Sleet may occur when a warm layer of air lies

Pekingese: The celebrated “sleeve dogs” are very small Pekingese once carried by Chinese royalty in the sleeves of their robes. A long-haired dog, the Pekingese has a full mane and heavily haired thighs, forelegs, tail, and toes. Its head is broad and flat, with hanging ears and a…

sled, vehicle usually drawn by either horses or dogs over ice or snow in winter. Its predecessor, the sledge, in the form of the travois and the sidecar, is believed to have been the first vehicle used by humans. The body of a sled is supported on runners, or straight, narrow skids. Sleds are

Leroy Anderson: …arranger, and composer of “Sleigh Ride,” “Blue Tango,” and other popular light orchestral music with memorable, optimistic melodies and often unusual percussion effects.

magic, theatrical representation of the defiance of natural law. Legerdemain, meaning “light, or nimble, of hand,” and juggling, meaning “the performance of tricks,” were the terms initially used to designate exhibitions of deception. The words magic and conjuring had no theatrical significance

Sleipnir, in Norse mythology, the god Odin’s magical horse. See

Harald IV: …a pretender to the throne, Sigurd Slembi, who also claimed to be a son of Magnus III Barefoot.

blind snake: …blind snakes) and leptotyphlopids (threadsnakes and wormsnakes) are slender, and species of both families are seldom more than 30 cm (12 inches) long from snout to vent and grow to a maximum of 40 cm (16 inches) in total length. The anomalepids are made up of 15 species belonging…

glass lizard: It closely resembles the slender glass lizard, O. attenuatus, which has a broader distribution in southeastern North America northwestward into the upper Mississippi River valley. Unlike O. ventralis, which has a broad band along each lower side, O. attenuatus has narrow dark lines.

Huizong: …mannered style known as “slender gold.” Huizong sponsored the compilation of a major catalog of artists’ biographies and paintings from the 3rd century to his time, known as the Xuanhe huapu (“Catalog of Paintings of the Xuanhe Emperor”).

Indian grass: …is a close relative of slender Indian grass (Sorghastrum elliottii) and lopsided Indian grass (S. secundum).

ladies’ tresses: Slender ladies’ tresses (S. lacera) of North America has a single spiral of small white flowers.

lobelia: Major species: Slender lobelia (L. tenuior), with blue flowers, is Australian and grown in the greenhouse. Southern lobelia (L. georgiana), from North America, as well as great blue lobelia (L. siphilitica) and its hybrids, also have blue flowers. Various lobelia hybrids constitute a fine group of fairly hardy and…

mola: However, the slender mola (Ranzania laevis) is smaller, measuring no more than 1 metre (39.3 inches) long.

pitcher plant: Nepenthaceae: …World genus Nepenthes include the slender pitcher plant (N. gracilis), the common swamp pitcher plant (N. mirabilis), and the golden peristome (N. veitchii), as well as a number of hybrid species such as Hooker’s pitcher plant N. ×hookeriana, N. ×mastersiana, and N. ×dominii.

Riccia: …species, Riccia fluitans, sometimes called slender riccia, forms branching green ribbons about 0.1 centimetre (about 0.04 inch) wide and about 1.3 to 5 centimetres long that float in shallow ponds. The ribbons often become tangled in large masses. Other species of Riccia form rosettes on moist soils.

Yiddish literature: Yiddish women writers: …by her short poem “Slender Ships,” which begins, “Slender ships drowse on the swollen green water, / black shadows sleep on the cold heart of the water.” Margolin portrays a natural scene that resonates with the poet’s psychology, concluding, “I shall be still.”

skink: Slender skinks (Lygosoma and many other genera), snake-eyed skinks (Ablepharus and Cryptoblepharus), and skinks of the genus Plestiodon (formerly Eumeces) are also common. Slender skinks are found throughout the Old World tropics, with a few species in the New World. They have thick tails and…

remora: The live sharksucker, or slender suckerfish (Echeneis naucrates), is the longest, growing up to 110 cm (43.3 inches) in length; the white suckerfish, or white remora (Remora albescens), is the shortest, the largest individuals measuring only 30 cm as adults. Remoras feed on the leavings of…

Sydney Pollack: Film directing: …as a film director was The Slender Thread (1965), in which a crisis-line volunteer (played by Sidney Poitier) keeps a sleeping-pill-overdose victim (Anne Bancroft) talking on the phone as police try to trace the call and save her. That modest effort was followed by Pollack’s first prestige production, This Property…

wheatgrass: smithii), and slender wheatgrass (Elymus trachycaulus, formerly A. trachycaulum), all of which are useful forage plants.

procellariiform: Importance to humans: …slender-billed, or short-tailed, shearwaters (Puffinus tenuirostris) are taken on the Bass Strait islands off Tasmania and sold fresh, salted, or deep-frozen as “muttonbirds.” In all likelihood, the name muttonbird was derived from the use of the flesh as a supplement for mutton by the early settlers of New South…

vulture: Old World vultures: indicus), and the slender-billed vulture (G. tenuirostris), have been brought close to extinction by feeding on the carcasses of dead cattle that had been given painkilling drugs; the painkillers cause kidney failure in the vultures.

gazelle: African gazelles: The rhim, or slender-horned, gazelle (G. leptoceros) is the most desert-adapted African gazelle and lives in the Sahara’s great sand deserts (ergs) from Algeria to Egypt. The third indigenous species, Speke’s gazelle (G. spekei), inhabits the coastal plain of Somalia.

meerkat, (Suricata suricatta), burrowing member of the mongoose family (Herpestidae), found in southwestern Africa, that is unmistakably recognizable in its upright “sentinel” posture as it watches for predators. The meerkat is slender and has a pointed little face, tiny ears, and black eye

meerkat, (Suricata suricatta), burrowing member of the mongoose family (Herpestidae), found in southwestern Africa, that is unmistakably recognizable in its upright “sentinel” posture as it watches for predators. The meerkat is slender and has a pointed little face, tiny ears, and black eye

slendro, Javanese and Balinese five-toned musical scale system. See

Joseph Slepian was an American electrical engineer and mathematician credited with important developments in electrical apparatus and theory. Slepian studied at Harvard University, earning the Ph.D. in 1913. After a postdoctoral year in Europe he taught mathematics at Cornell University, Ithaca,

subatomic particle: Testing supersymmetry: … 2 have supersymmetric partners, dubbed sleptons and squarks, with integer spin; and the photon, W, Z, gluon, and graviton have counterparts with half-integer spins, known as the photino, wino, zino, gluino, and gravitino, respectively. If they indeed exist, all these new supersymmetric particles must be heavy to have escaped

Kenneth Slessor was an Australian poet and journalist best known for his poems “Beach Burial,” a moving tribute to Australian troops who fought in World War II, and “Five Bells,” his most important poem, a meditation on art, time, and death. Slessor became a reporter for the Sydney Sun at the age

Sir John Cotesworth Slessor was a British marshal of the Royal Air Force (RAF) who was one of the architects of British air strategy during and after World War II. A childhood victim of polio, Slessor was at first rejected for military service in World War I but managed to gain entry to the Royal

Hedeby, in medieval Danish history, trade centre at the southeastern base of the Jutland Peninsula on the Schlei estuary. It served as an early focus of national unification and as a crossroads for Western–Eastern European and European–Western Asian trade. One of the earliest Scandinavian urban

Schleswig, historic and cultural region occupying the southern part of the Jutland Peninsula north of the Eider River. It encompasses the northern half of Schleswig-Holstein Land (state) in northern Germany and Sønderjylland region in southern Denmark. Schleswig became a Danish duchy in the 12th

Kenneth Branagh: …direct, and his credits included Sleuth (2007), a remake of the 1972 film about a mystery author who gets revenge on his wife’s younger lover, and Thor (2011), an adaptation of a comic book about the eponymous Norse god. In 2014 he helmed the action thriller Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit,…

Joseph L. Mankiewicz: Later films: …the critically acclaimed feature film Sleuth (1972). Playwright Anthony Shaffer adapted his clever murder mystery, and Michael Caine and Laurence Olivier gave Oscar-nominated performances. In addition, Mankiewicz received his fourth nod for best direction. He subsequently retired. Mankiewicz was the recipient of countless industry awards, including the Directors Guild of…

Leo Slezak was an Austrian opera singer and film comedian, known for his performances of Wagnerian operatic roles. Slezak made his debut at Brno (now in Czech Republic) in Lohengrin in 1896. By 1909 he had established his reputation in London and New York City as a heroic tenor in the part of

Leo Slezak: His son, Walter Slezak (1902–83), a well-known American actor, wrote an autobiography, What Time’s the Next Swan? (1962). The title refers to his father’s famous ad-lib in Richard Wagner’s Lohengrin, when the boat drawn by a swan moved offstage without him.

Silesia: …in the north and the Ślęzanie (from whom it got its name), the Opolanie, and the Golensicowie in the south. In the 10th century the Czech dynasty of the Přemyslids and the Polish dynasty of the Piasts contested the territory. Mieszko I, prince of Poland, was able to acquire the…

Petr Bezruč: …last edition of the collected Slezské písně (1956; “Silesian Songs”).

Silesia, historical region that is now in southwestern Poland. Silesia was originally a Polish province, which became a possession of the Bohemian crown in 1335, passed with that crown to the Austrian Habsburgs in 1526, and was taken by Prussia in 1742. In 1945, at the end of World War II, Silesia

Sinhala Maha Sabha: …establishing in its place the Sri Lanka Freedom Party, which in 1956 defeated the UNP and thrust Bandaranaike into the prime ministership.

battery: Lead-acid batteries: …classified into three groups: (1) starting-lighting-ignition (SLI) batteries, (2) traction batteries, and (3) stationary batteries. The automotive SLI battery is the best-known portable rechargeable power source. High current can be obtained for hundreds of shallow-depth discharges over a period of several years. Traction batteries are employed in industrial lift trucks,…

Sperrin Mountains, mountain range disposed along an arc about 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Londonderry city, Northern Ireland. The highest peaks—Sawel, Mullaclogher, and Mullaghaneany—all exceed 2,000 feet (608 m) and are capped with crystalline limestone. The Sperrins were extensively glaciated

baking: Slicing: Bread often is marketed in sliced form. Slicing is performed by parallel arrays of saw blades through which the loaves are carried by gravity or by conveyors. The blades may be endless bands carried on rotating drums, or relatively short strips held in a…

If you cut it in half, will it grow back?If you’re just learning about stock splits, you may have heard some variation of the pizza analogy. It goes like this: A stock split is like cutting a pizza. Whether you cut it into four or eight slices (or you square-cut it into 24 slices), it’s still the

slick, glassy patch or streak on a relatively undisturbed ocean or lake surface, formed where surface tension is reduced by a monomolecular layer of organic matter produced by plankton or by man; closer to shore most of the material is man-made hydrocarbon pollutant. Slicks are patchy when the wind

Grace Slick is an American musician and artist best known as the colead vocalist of the classic rock band Jefferson Airplane and its spinoff bands, Jefferson Starship and Starship. Slick’s striking beauty, stage presence, and dynamic contralto voice enabled Jefferson Airplane to become one of the

Ann Sophia Stephens was an American editor and writer whose melodramatic novels, popular in serialized form, gained an even wider readership as some of the first "dime novels." Ann Winterbotham knew from childhood that she wanted to be a writer. In 1831 she married Edward Stephens and settled in

Thomas Chandler Haliburton: …known as the creator of Sam Slick, a resourceful Yankee clock peddler and cracker-barrel philosopher whose encounters with a variety of people illuminated Haliburton’s view of human nature.

fault: …marking them with striations called slickensides, or it may crush them to a fine-grained, claylike substance known as fault gouge; when the crushed rock is relatively coarse-grained, it is referred to as fault breccia. Occasionally, the beds adjacent to the fault plane fold or bend as they resist slippage because…

slickhead, any of several deep-sea fishes, family Alepocephalidae (order Salmoniformes), found in almost all oceans at depths up to 5,500 m (17,800 feet) or more. Slickheads are dark, soft, and herringlike; species vary greatly in structure, and a few possess light-producing organs. Some common

landslide, the movement downslope of a mass of rock, debris, earth, or soil (soil being a mixture of earth and debris). Landslides occur when gravitational and other types of shear stresses within a slope exceed the shear strength (resistance to shearing) of the materials that form the slope. Shear

trombone: It has an extendable slide that can increase the length of the instrument’s tubing. The slide thus performs the function of the valves on other brass instruments. From the 19th century, some trombones have been made with valves, but their use was never universal.

history of photography: Colour photography: Because Autochrome was a colour transparency and could be viewed only by reflected light, however, researchers continued to look for improvements and alternative colour processes.

microscope: Mechanical components: …usually mounted on a glass slide. Routine microscope slides were fixed at 3 × 1 inches during the Victorian era and are still produced at the metric equivalent of those dimensions (7.5 × 2.5 cm) today. The specimen, usually immersed in a material with an R.I. that matches that of…

zipper, device for binding the edges of an opening such as on a garment or a bag. A zipper consists of two strips of material with metal or plastic teeth along the edges and with a sliding piece that draws the teeth into interlocking position when moved in one direction and separates them again

history of photography: Colour photography: With this reversal (slide) film, colour transparencies could be obtained that were suitable both for projection and for reproduction. A year later the Agfa Company of Germany developed the Agfacolor negative-positive process, but owing to World War II the film did not become available until 1949. Meanwhile,…

slide guitar, a technique and style of guitar playing, whereby a hard object, typically a steel tube, a steel bar, or a glass bottleneck, is pressed across multiple strings and slid along the fingerboard to produce a smooth, whining sound that is in some ways evocative of the human voice. Players

Catskill Mountains: …valley floors, the highest being Slide Mountain (4,204 feet [1,281 metres]). The northern portion along the Mohawk is called the Helderberg Hills. The much higher elevations in the Catskills compared with the surrounding area are mainly due to the durability of the top layers of sandstone and conglomerate.

slide rule, a device consisting of graduated scales capable of relative movement, by means of which simple calculations may be carried out mechanically. Typical slide rules contain scales for multiplying, dividing, and extracting square roots, and some also contain scales for calculating

trumpet: …the mouthpiece, reappeared as the slide trumpet found in many 19th-century English orchestras. In Austria and Italy after 1801 there was a vogue for the keyed trumpet, with side holes covered by padded keys.

shuffleboard, game in which disks are shoved by hand or with an implement so that they come to a stop on or within a scoring area marked on the board or court (on a table, floor, or outdoor hard surface such as concrete). It was popular in England as early as the 15th century, especially with the

John Slidell was a U.S. and Confederate diplomat whose seizure with James M. Mason precipitated the Trent Affair during the American Civil War. A graduate of Columbia College in 1810, Slidell moved to New Orleans, La., in 1819, where he practiced maritime law, married into a distinguished Creole

Charles Albert Bender: …the pitch known as the slider.

keyboard instrument: Stop and key mechanisms: The perforated strip, or slider, is placed in a close-fitting guide in which it may be moved longitudinally. When it is moved a short distance, so that its holes no longer register with the pipes, wind is cut off to that rank, even when the organist opens the pallets…

keyboard instrument: Stop and key mechanisms: …in this way are called slider chests. Other ways of working the stops will be referred to later; but the simple, reliable slider chest was in almost universal use before the 20th century. The slider is connected to the console by a system of levers and cranks, and it terminates…

T. Rex: Glam rock success: …its success with the album The Slider, released in 1972 and featuring the singles “Telegram Sam” and “Metal Guru,” The album was recorded outside Paris, France, at the suggestion of friend Elton John, to avoid British tax laws. The Slider was a hit for the band in the United States,…

slider-crank mechanism, arrangement of mechanical parts designed to convert straight-line motion to rotary motion, as in a reciprocating piston engine, or to convert rotary motion to straight-line motion, as in a reciprocating piston pump. The basic nature of the mechanism and the relative motion