Vietnam, country occupying the eastern portion of mainland Southeast Asia. Tribal Viets inhabiting the Red River delta entered written history when China’s southward expansion reached them in the 3rd century bce. From that time onward, a dominant theme of Vietnam’s history has been interaction with

Wales: Urban settlement: …the total reside in the South Wales industrial zone, and many others live in the northeast. Prior to the Norman Conquest there was scarcely any urban development in Wales, but the Normans introduced castle towns (walled towns) that still dominate the contemporary urban landscape—at least in number if not in…

Wales: The 20th century: …to the founding of the South Wales Miners’ Federation; the coal owners strengthened their position by forming powerful combines. Despite fierce resistance, the miners won their campaigns for an 8-hour day and a minimum wage. Within the federation a new militancy, expressed in the policy document entitled the Miners’ Next…

North Chicago, city, Lake county, northeastern Illinois, U.S. North Chicago lies on Lake Michigan, about 35 miles (55 km) north of Chicago. The area was primarily agricultural until the establishment of a wire manufacturing plant in 1891. Other industries soon followed. A strike at a plant in 1937

England: The South West: The South West contains the last Celtic stronghold in England, Cornwall, where a Celtic language was spoken until the 18th century. There is even a small nationalist movement, Mebyon Kernow (Sons of Cornwall), seeking to revive the old language. Although it has no…

Namibia, country located on the southwestern coast of Africa. It is bordered by Angola to the north, Zambia to the northeast, Botswana to the east, South Africa to the southeast and south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. It ranges from arid in the north to desert on the coast and in the east.

Namibia: From resistance to liberation struggle: In 1959 SWANU (South West Africa National Union) was formed, largely by Herero intellectuals. Within a decade, SWAPO had become the dominant party and had grown beyond its Ovambo roots. The presence of Ovambo throughout the nation due to contract labour was used to forge a national communication…

SWAPO Party of Namibia, political party that began as a liberation movement in Namibia (formerly South West Africa) that advocated immediate Namibian independence from South Africa and became the country’s leading party following independence in 1990. It was founded in 1960, and, after South Africa

English language: Middle English: …was more appropriately named the South Western dialect. The Kentish dialect was considerably extended and was called South Eastern accordingly. All five Middle English dialects (Northern, West Midland, East Midland, South Western, and South Eastern) went their own ways and developed their own characteristics. The so-called Katherine Group of writings…

California University of Pennsylvania, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in California, Pennsylvania, U.S. It is one of 14 universities in the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education. The university is composed of colleges of liberal arts, science and technology, and

Norman Douglas: …of his most famous book, South Wind. All his books, whether fiction, topography, essays, or autobiography, have a charm arising from Douglas’s uninhibited expression of a bohemian, aristocratic personality. His prose is considered somewhat near the perfection of the conversational style.

Yemen: Two Yemeni states: …Aden renamed the country the People’s Republic of South Yemen. Short of resources and unable to obtain any significant amounts of aid, either from the Western states or from those in the Arab world, it began to drift toward the Soviet Union, which eagerly provided economic and technical assistance in…

South Yorkshire, metropolitan county in north-central England. It comprises four metropolitan boroughs: Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham, and the city of Sheffield. South Yorkshire lies within the historic county of Yorkshire, except for three areas. In the metropolitan borough of Doncaster, the

Sir John Herschel, 1st Baronet: Observation of double stars: …was fortunate to find in James South a collaborator who was able to afford the refined instruments best suited for this work. The catalog that they compiled between 1821 and 1823 and published in the Philosophical Transactions in 1824 earned them the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society and…

Argentina: …describes them in his story The South, the Pampas stretch endlessly to the horizon, dwarfing the humans within them; traveling from the capital toward Patagonia, the story’s protagonist, Señor Dahlmann, “saw horsemen along dirt roads; he saw gullies and lagoons and ranches; he saw long luminous clouds that resembled marble;…

Colm Tóibín: Novels: In his first novel, The South (1990), an Irish woman abandons her marriage and young son and embarks on a lifelong journey toward self-discovery in Spain. His next novel, The Heather Blazing (1992), centers on the life, career, and relationships of an elderly, emotionally reserved Dublin judge. He followed…

the South, region, southeastern United States, generally though not exclusively considered to be south of the Mason and Dixon Line, the Ohio River, and the 36°30′ parallel. As defined by the U.S. federal government, it includes Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, the District of Columbia, Florida,

University of the South, Private university in Sewanee, Tennessee, U.S., founded in 1857. Though affiliated with the Episcopal church, its teaching program is independent. It has a college of arts and sciences and a school of theology, which offers master’s and doctoral programs. Its literary

Dravidian languages: South-Central Dravidian languages: Within the South-Central subgroup, the nonliterary languages are all spoken by Scheduled Tribes. Gondi, which is split into many dialects in the four neighbouring states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, and Andhra Pradesh, is spoken by

Cross River, state, southeastern Nigeria. What is now Cross River state was part of the former Eastern region until 1967, when it became South-Eastern state; it received its present name in 1976. In 1987 the southwestern third of Cross River state became a new state called Akwa Ibom. The Cross

Zu Chongzhi: …such as a semilegendary “south-pointing carriage” (most likely a mechanical device that kept a pointer in a fixed position); the carriage was topped by a symbolic figure that, once properly aligned, would always point to the south. None of his writings has survived.

Southwest National Park, national park in southwestern Tasmania, Australia, covering more than 2,350 square miles (6,080 square km). Together with the adjacent Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park (established in 1981), Southwest forms the core of the Tasmanian Wilderness, a World Heritage

bhangra: …South Asian identity, particularly in Southall, the predominantly South Asian suburb of London’s West End. In 1979 a Southall group called Alaap released Teri Chunni De Sitare, a forward-looking album that combined the ornamented vocal melodies and metric framework of bhangra with the rhythmic drive and synthesized orchestral interjections of…

Australian literature: Literature from 1940 to 1970: …1960s both Patricia Wrightson and Ivan Southall had won major awards for their work. Wrightson’s novels of the 1960s and ’70s were particularly interesting in their use of Aboriginal figures and motifs, as in Behind the Wind (1981). In 1986 she was awarded the international Hans Christian Andersen Award for…

Edward Law, earl of Ellenborough was a British governor-general of India (1842–44), who also served four times as president of the Board of Control for India and was first lord of the British Admiralty. He was recalled from India for being out of control and later resigned another office under

Southampton, city and English Channel port, a unitary authority in the historic county of Hampshire, southern England. It lies near the head of Southampton Water, on a peninsula between the estuaries of the Rivers Test and Itchen. In 43 ce a Roman settlement, Clausentum, was located on the east

Southampton, village and town (township), Suffolk county, southeastern New York, U.S., lying along the south shore of eastern Long Island. Settlers from Lynn, Massachusetts, landed at Conscience Point in 1640, founding the first English community in New York. The original Shinnecock Indian land

Southampton Island, island in Keewatin region, Nunavut territory, Canada. It lies at the entrance to Hudson Bay and is separated from the mainland by Roes Welcome Sound. Roughly triangular, it is about 210 miles (340 km) long and 220 miles (355 km) wide and has an area of 15,913 square miles

Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland was a favourite mistress of the English king Charles II; she bore several of his illegitimate children. According to the diarist Samuel Pepys, she was a woman of exceptional beauty, but others commented on her crude mannerisms. She was the daughter of William

Charles Fitzroy, 1st duke of Southampton was the natural son of Charles II by Barbara Villiers, countess of Castlemaine. When his mother became duchess of Cleveland and countess of Southampton in 1670, he was allowed to assume the name of Fitzroy and the courtesy title of earl of Southampton. In

Charles Fitzroy, 1st duke of Southampton was the natural son of Charles II by Barbara Villiers, countess of Castlemaine. When his mother became duchess of Cleveland and countess of Southampton in 1670, he was allowed to assume the name of Fitzroy and the courtesy title of earl of Southampton. In

Henry Wriothesley, 2nd earl of Southampton was one of the Roman Catholic English nobles who conspired for the release of Mary, Queen of Scots. Henry Wriothesley was the third and only surviving son of the 1st Earl of Southampton and was born into great privilege (King Henry VIII himself was one of

Henry Wriothesley, 2nd earl of Southampton was one of the Roman Catholic English nobles who conspired for the release of Mary, Queen of Scots. Henry Wriothesley was the third and only surviving son of the 1st Earl of Southampton and was born into great privilege (King Henry VIII himself was one of

Henry Wriothesley, 3rd earl of Southampton was an English nobleman and William Shakespeare’s patron. Henry Wriothesley succeeded to his father’s earldom in 1581 and became a royal ward under the care of Lord Burghley. Educated at the University of Cambridge and at Gray’s Inn, London, he was 17

Thomas Wriothesley, 1st earl of Southampton was an influential minister of state during the last years of the reign of King Henry VIII of England. The son of one herald, William Writh, or Wriothesley, and nephew and cousin to two others, Thomas Wriothesley was well-placed for a career in the royal

Thomas Wriothesley, 1st earl of Southampton was an influential minister of state during the last years of the reign of King Henry VIII of England. The son of one herald, William Writh, or Wriothesley, and nephew and cousin to two others, Thomas Wriothesley was well-placed for a career in the royal

Thomas Wriothesley, 4th earl of Southampton was a major supporter of both Charles I and Charles II of England. The only surviving son of the 3rd Earl, Thomas attended St. John’s College, Cambridge. When the dispute began between Charles I and Parliament, he took the side of the latter, but soon the

Thomas Wriothesley, 4th earl of Southampton was a major supporter of both Charles I and Charles II of England. The only surviving son of the 3rd Earl, Thomas attended St. John’s College, Cambridge. When the dispute began between Charles I and Parliament, he took the side of the latter, but soon the

William Fitzwilliam, earl of Southampton was an English admiral during the reign of Henry VIII. A son of Sir William Fitzwilliam of Aldwarke, near Rotherham, Fitzwilliam was a companion in boyhood of Henry VIII and was knighted for his services at the siege of Tournai in 1513. Later he was

Southdown, breed of medium-wool, dark-faced, hornless sheep originating in the Sussex hills of England. The oldest of all British breeds of sheep, it has an ideal body conformation for meat production. Its fleece is close and is the finest of the British breeds; but, though white and of good

Washington, D.C.: Southeast: The Southeast quadrant of Washington is dominated by Capitol Hill. The Anacostia neighbourhood is also located in this section of the city.

Southeast Indian, member of any of the Native American peoples of the southeastern United States. The boundaries of this culture area are somewhat difficult to delineate, because the traditional cultures in the Southeast shared many characteristics with those from neighbouring regions. Thus, most

Southeast Asia, vast region of Asia situated east of the Indian subcontinent and south of China. It consists of two dissimilar portions: a continental projection (commonly called mainland Southeast Asia) and a string of archipelagoes to the south and east of the mainland (insular Southeast Asia).

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), regional-defense organization from 1955 to 1977, created by the Southeast Asia Collective Defence Treaty, signed at Manila on September 8, 1954, by representatives of Australia, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, the United Kingdom,

history of Southeast Asia, history of Southeast Asia from prehistoric times to the contemporary period. Knowledge of the early prehistory of Southeast Asia has undergone exceptionally rapid change as a result of archaeological discoveries made since the 1960s, although the interpretation of these

Southeast Asian architecture, buildings of Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Most of Southeast Asia’s great temples were built by the 13th century. The Indian royal temple, which dominated Southeast Asian culture, typically

Southeast Asian arts, the literary, performing, and visual arts of Southeast Asia. Although the cultural development of the area was once dominated by Indian influence, a number of cohesive traits predate the Indian influence. Wet-rice (or padi) agriculture, metallurgy, navigation, ancestor cults,

owl: Ecology: The Southeast Asian hawk owl (Ninox scutulata) sallies from a perch to take flying insects. The whiskered owl (Otus trichopsis) takes flying insects in foliage. Fish owls (Ketupa and Scotopelia) are adapted for taking live fish but also eat other animals. Specialized forms of feeding behaviour…

Southeast Asian arts: Music: A general musical division exists between the urban and rural areas of Southeast Asia. Urban centres comprise the islands of Java and Bali and places in

ASEAN Regional Forum: …organization is supported by the ARF Senior Officials Meeting (ARFSOM), which is held each May. The ARFSOM meeting is attended by senior foreign ministry officials from all ARF countries; leading defense department officials also attend. The meetings provide an exchange of views on regional political and security issues and developments.

ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), the first regionwide Asia-Pacific multilateral forum for official consultations on peace and security issues. An outgrowth of the annual ministerial-level meeting of members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the states serving as ASEAN’s “dialogue

ASEAN, international organization established by the governments of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand in 1967 to accelerate economic growth, social progress, and cultural development and to promote peace and security in Southeast Asia. Brunei joined in 1984, followed by

Okinawa: Okinawa city has the Southeast Botanical Gardens displaying tropical plants, an aquarium, an amusement park, a zoo, and the Moromi Folkcraft Museum. Pop. (2005) 126,400; (2010) 130,249.

Barbara Mikulski: …1971 Mikulski helped found the Southeast Council Against the Road (SCAR) in opposition to a plan to build a highway through a Baltimore neighbourhood; SCAR ultimately prevailed. The council evolved into the Southeast Community Organization, which went on to advocate for additional local causes. She was elected to the Baltimore…

Native American: The Southeast: This region reaches from the southern edge of the Northeast culture area to the Gulf of Mexico; from east to west it stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to somewhat west of the Mississippi valley. The climate is warm temperate in the north and grades…

Southeast Indian, member of any of the Native American peoples of the southeastern United States. The boundaries of this culture area are somewhat difficult to delineate, because the traditional cultures in the Southeast shared many characteristics with those from neighbouring regions. Thus, most

oceanic ridge: Indian Ocean: The Southeast Indian Ridge spreads at intermediate rates. This ridge continues from the western Indian Ocean in a southeasterly direction, bisecting the ocean between Australia and Antarctica. Rifted crests and rugged mountainous flanks are characteristic of the Southwest Indian Ridge. The Mid-Indian Ridge has fewer features…

Southeast Missouri State University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Cape Girardeau, Missouri, U.S. About 12 undergraduate degrees are offered in about 150 fields of study through the Donald L. Harrison College of Business, the Polytechnic Institute, and the colleges of

Southeast Missouri State University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Cape Girardeau, Missouri, U.S. About 12 undergraduate degrees are offered in about 150 fields of study through the Donald L. Harrison College of Business, the Polytechnic Institute, and the colleges of

Southeast Missouri State University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Cape Girardeau, Missouri, U.S. About 12 undergraduate degrees are offered in about 150 fields of study through the Donald L. Harrison College of Business, the Polytechnic Institute, and the colleges of

China: The southeastern mountains: Southeastern China is bordered by a rocky shoreline backed by picturesque mountains. In general, there is a distinct structural and topographic trend from northeast to southwest. The higher peaks may reach elevations of some 5,000 to 6,500 feet (1,500 to 2,000 meters). The…

Pacific Ocean: Principal ridges and basins: …y Gómez Ridge from the Southeast Pacific Basin, which in turn is separated from the Southwest Pacific Basin by the East Pacific Rise and indeterminate Pacific-Antarctic Ridge, which runs from the Sala y Gómez Ridge to Antarctica in the vicinity of 150° W.

South Australia: Relief: …the Murray Plain and the Southeast Plain, developed on lime-rich deposits from early Cenozoic time (roughly 50 million years ago). The Murray Plain is characterized by west-east-trending stabilized sand dunes. In the wetter Southeast Plain there are parallel limestone ridges with flats, formerly inundated in winter but now drained for…

Southeast Sulawesi, propinsi (or provinsi; province), southeastern arm of the island of Celebes (Sulawesi), Indonesia. It is bounded by the provinces of South Sulawesi (Sulawesi Selatan) to the northwest and Central Sulawesi (Sulawesi Tengah) to the northeast, as well as by the Banda Sea to the

Southeast Svalbard Nature Reservation, nature reserve established in 1973 by Norway. One of several protected areas in the Svalbard archipelago, it is bordered on the east by Olga Strait and on the west by Stor Fjord. With an area of 2,463 square miles (6,380 square km), the reserve encompasses the

Chinese literature: Poetry: …ballad of this period is Kongque dongnanfei (“Southeast the Peacock Flies”). The longest poem of early Chinese literature (353 lines), it relates the tragedy of a young married couple who committed suicide as the result of the cruelty of the husband’s mother. The ballad was probably first sung shortly after…

Madagascar: Climate of Madagascar: …combined effects of the moisture-bearing southeast trade and northwest monsoon winds as they blow across the central plateau. The trade winds, which blow throughout the year, are strongest from May to October. The east coast is to the windward and has a high annual rate of precipitation, reaching nearly 150…

Madagascar: Climate of Madagascar: …combined effects of the moisture-bearing southeast trade and northwest monsoon winds as they blow across the central plateau. The trade winds, which blow throughout the year, are strongest from May to October. The east coast is to the windward and has a high annual rate of precipitation, reaching nearly 150…

Madagascar: Climate of Madagascar: …combined effects of the moisture-bearing southeast trade and northwest monsoon winds as they blow across the central plateau. The trade winds, which blow throughout the year, are strongest from May to October. The east coast is to the windward and has a high annual rate of precipitation, reaching nearly 150…

Madagascar: Climate of Madagascar: …combined effects of the moisture-bearing southeast trade and northwest monsoon winds as they blow across the central plateau. The trade winds, which blow throughout the year, are strongest from May to October. The east coast is to the windward and has a high annual rate of precipitation, reaching nearly 150…

Southeast Asian arts, the literary, performing, and visual arts of Southeast Asia. Although the cultural development of the area was once dominated by Indian influence, a number of cohesive traits predate the Indian influence. Wet-rice (or padi) agriculture, metallurgy, navigation, ancestor cults,

Carpathian Mountains: Physiography of the Carpathian Mountains: The Southeastern Carpathians are formed by a triangular block of mountains surrounding a basin. The three mountain formations concerned differ in origin and structure. The Eastern Carpathians, running in a northwest–southeast direction, include the flysch band, which represents the continuation of the Outer Western Carpathians, and…

Andres Serrano: …image was exhibited at the Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art (SECCA) in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, in 1988, as part of that institution’s Awards in the Visual Arts series, funded in part by the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA). Many viewers found the image profane and irreverent and further objected…

Alexander v. Choate: Citing Southeastern Community College v. Davis (1979), “our major previous attempt to define the scope of [Section] 504,” the court acknowledged that, to avoid disparate-impact discrimination, a federal grantee must make “reasonable accommodations” in its program or benefit to “otherwise qualified handicapped individuals” in order to…

Southeastern Conference (SEC), American collegiate athletic association that grew out of the Southern Conference. Members are the University of Alabama, the University of Arkansas (Fayetteville), Auburn University, the University of Florida, the University of Georgia, the University of Kentucky,

four-eyed opossum: The southeastern four-eyed opossum (P. frenatus) is known from southeastern Brazil south to Paraguay and Argentina. Olrog’s four-eyed opossum (P. olrogi) occurs in Peru and Bolivia.

four-eyed opossum: The southeastern four-eyed opossum (P. frenatus) is known from southeastern Brazil south to Paraguay and Argentina. Olrog’s four-eyed opossum (P. olrogi) occurs in Peru and Bolivia.

Karakum Desert: Physiography: …low-lying Central Karakum; and the southeastern Karakum, through which runs a chain of salt marshes. Along the border of the Trans-Unguz and Central Karakum runs the Unguz chain of saline, isolated, eolian (wind-formed) hollows.

University of Massachusetts: …Dartmouth campus, previously known as Southeastern Massachusetts University, was also founded as two separate institutions—both textile schools—in 1895. Both the Lowell and the Dartmouth campuses were incorporated into the University of Massachusetts system in 1991.

history of Central Asia: Timur: …the arts, and architecture, with Chagatai Turkish, a dialect derived partly from Khakani, the language spoken at the Karakhanid court (and a precursor of modern Uzbek), emerging as a flexible vehicle for sophisticated literary expression. These Timurid epigones, however, were locked in unceasing rivalry with each other and were unable…

West Germanic languages: Dialects: …consisting of Central Yiddish and Southeastern Yiddish. The phonological criteria on which this division is based are typically reflected in the variants of the phrase ‘to buy meat’: Western Yiddish kāfn flāš, Central Yiddish kojfn flajš, Southeastern Yiddish kojfn flejš, Northeastern Yiddish kejfn flejš. Other phonological and many lexical differences…

Southend-on-Sea, town and unitary authority, southeastern geographic and historic county of Essex, England. It lies on the Thames estuary and the North Sea. The nearest major seaside resort to London, 40 miles (64 km) away, Southend attracts millions of visitors, and there are many resident

Christopher Cross: …collaborating with singers Michael McDonald, J.D. Souther, Don Henley, and Nicolette Larsen. The album was a huge success. Backed by such hits as “Ride Like the Wind” and “Sailing,” it stayed on the charts for more than two years, eventually achieving platinum status. Cross also made Grammy history with the…

Poco: …Furay joined in a short-lived collaboration with former Byrd Chris Hillman and songwriter J.D. Souther, and in 1977 Schmit replaced Meisner in the Eagles. Poco had only modest commercial success throughout its career. Legend (1978) was its top-selling album. A reunion of the original quintet in 1989 yielded the highly…

Sydney: Climate: …known locally as the “Southerly Buster.” In winter (June–August), however, the westerly wind is cool.

Darlington: …March and the Mountain Dew Southern 500 in September, on Labor Day. A stock-car museum was opened in 1965. Inc. town, 1835; city, 1950. Pop. (2000) 6,720; (2010) 6,289.

Southern Africa, southernmost region of the African continent, comprising the countries of Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The island nation of Madagascar is excluded because of its distinct language and cultural heritage. The

Anglican Church of Southern Africa, independent church that is part of the Anglican Communion. It developed from the work of British clergy among the British soldiers and settlers in the Cape of Good Hope in the late 18th and 19th centuries. The bishop of Calcutta, India, was at first responsible

Anglican Church of Southern Africa, independent church that is part of the Anglican Communion. It developed from the work of British clergy among the British soldiers and settlers in the Cape of Good Hope in the late 18th and 19th centuries. The bishop of Calcutta, India, was at first responsible

Botswana: Trade: …and Namibia, belongs to the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), which allows for the free exchange of goods between member countries. Botswana is also a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), a regional organization focused on economic cooperation and integration.

Southern African Development Community (SADC), regional organization of southern African countries that works to promote economic cooperation and integration among the member states and to preserve their economic independence. The member states are Angola, Botswana, Comoros, Eswatini, Democratic

Southern African Development Community (SADC), regional organization of southern African countries that works to promote economic cooperation and integration among the member states and to preserve their economic independence. The member states are Angola, Botswana, Comoros, Eswatini, Democratic

Southern African Large Telescope (SALT), largest telescope in the Southern Hemisphere, with a mirror measuring 11.1 by 9.8 metres (36.4 by 32.2 feet). It is located at the South African Astronomical Observatory near Sutherland, South Africa, at an elevation of 1,798 metres (5,899 feet). SALT is

Eswatini: Finance and trade: …also a member of the southern African monetary union (with Lesotho and South Africa), which seeks to ensure that currencies are on par and funds move freely between the member countries.

Pamirs: Physiography: Still farther south are the Southern Alichur Range and, to the west of the latter, the Shugnan Range. The extreme southwestern Pamirs are occupied by the Shakhdarin Range, composed of north-south (Ishkashim Range) and east-west elements, rising to Mayakovsky Peak (19,996 feet [6,095 metres]) and Karl Marx (Karla Marksa) Peak

Southern Alps/Kā Tiritiri o te Moana, mountain range on South Island, New Zealand. It is the highest range in Australasia. Making up the loftiest portion of the mountains that extend the length of the island, the Southern Alps/Kā Tiritiri o te Moana extend from Haast Pass, at the head of

anaconda: The yellow, or southern, anaconda (E. notaeus), however, is much smaller, adult females reaching a maximum length of about 4.4–4.6 meters (roughly 14.4–15.1 feet) long. Historically, two additional forms, the beni (E. beniensis) and the dark-spotted anaconda (E. deschauenseei), which are closely related to E. notaeus,…

Andes Mountains: Physical features: …to north these are the Southern Andes, consisting of the Chilean, Fuegian, and Patagonian cordilleras; the Central Andes, including the Peruvian cordilleras; and the Northern Andes, encompassing the Ecuadorian, Colombian, and Venezuelan (or Caribbean) cordilleras.

Carboniferous Period: Pennsylvanian cyclothems, tillites, and turbidites: …Mammoth coal bed of the Anthracite Belt in eastern Pennsylvanian has an average thickness of 10–12 metres (35–40 feet) throughout its extent. The Pittsburgh seam in western Pennsylvania averages 4 metres (13 feet) thick and is reported workable over 15,540 square km (6,000 square miles). More than 60 coal seams…

Carboniferous Period: Pennsylvanian cyclothems, tillites, and turbidites: …Mammoth coal bed of the Anthracite Belt in eastern Pennsylvanian has an average thickness of 10–12 metres (35–40 feet) throughout its extent. The Pittsburgh seam in western Pennsylvania averages 4 metres (13 feet) thick and is reported workable over 15,540 square km (6,000 square miles). More than 60 coal seams…