Tébessa, town, northeastern Algeria. It is located 146 miles (235 km) by road south of Annaba and 12 miles (19 km) west of the frontier with Tunisia. Tébessa was an outpost of Carthage in the 7th century bce and a Roman garrison town in 146 bce. It declined in the 5th and 6th centuries ce and

Tim Tebow is a former American football player who was a dominant dual-threat quarterback at the University of Florida, in Gainesville, where he won a Heisman Trophy and led the team to two national championships. After playing briefly in the NFL, he spent several years as a baseball player in the

Tim Tebow is a former American football player who was a dominant dual-threat quarterback at the University of Florida, in Gainesville, where he won a Heisman Trophy and led the team to two national championships. After playing briefly in the NFL, he spent several years as a baseball player in the

Caucasus: Physiography: …the central sector; and Mounts Tebulosmta and Bazardyuzyu, both over 14,600 feet (4,550 metres), in the east. Spurs tonguing north and south from the main axis occasionally reach elevations approaching 10,000 feet (3,000 metres).

Caucasus: Physiography: …the central sector; and Mounts Tebulosmta and Bazardyuzyu, both over 14,600 feet (4,550 metres), in the east. Spurs tonguing north and south from the main axis occasionally reach elevations approaching 10,000 feet (3,000 metres).

The Episcopal Church (TEC), autonomous, mainline Protestant church in the United States and member of the Anglican Communion. The Episcopal Church was formally organized in Philadelphia in 1789 as the successor to the Church of England in the American colonies. In points of doctrine, worship, and

Baja California: …centre, followed by Mexicali and Tecate. Major manufactures include electronics, textiles, plastics, metal products, automobile components, paper, beverages, and processed foods. The state’s agriculture and industry attract large numbers of immigrants from other Mexican states and Central America. Baja California has one of Mexico’s largest fishing industries, which is centred…

Celtic religion: Cosmology and eschatology: …all the Irish, reigned over Tech Duinn, which was imagined as on or under Bull Island off the Beare Peninsula, and to him all men returned except the happy few.

electronic game: From chess to Spacewar! to Pong: …the “hacker” culture of the Tech Model Railroad Club on campus, and its authors were members of this group. They wrote software and built control boxes that gave players the ability to move spaceships about on accurate star maps, maneuvering and firing space torpedoes at each other. Spacewar! was distinctly…

Chihuahua dog: …to have derived from the Techichi, a small mute dog kept by the Toltec people of Mexico as long ago as the 9th century ce, and it is a saucy-looking alert dog that is sturdier than its small build would suggest. It has a rounded head, large erect ears, prominent…

technetium (Tc), chemical element, synthetic radioactive metal of Group 7 (VIIb) of the periodic table, the first element to be artificially produced. The isotope technetium-97 (4,210,000-year half-life) was discovered (1937) by the Italian mineralogist Carlo Perrier and the Italian-born American

radioactivity: In medicine: Technetium-99m, used with radiographic scanning devices, is valuable for studying the anatomic structure of organs.

Technical analysis is a method of visually analyzing, interpreting, and forecasting price movements using historical patterns and statistics in order to find potential trading opportunities. In the financial markets, there are two primary methods for analyzing the value of a stock, cryptocurrency,

South Australia: Education: The Technical and Further Education Commission provides a wide range of courses at community colleges and colleges of further education. Courses are provided at many levels, from the basic trade apprentice to technical and paraprofessional levels. Professional and research-focused education at a higher level is provided…

technical assistance, form of aid given to less-developed countries by international organizations such as the United Nations (UN) and its agencies, individual governments, foundations, and philanthropic institutions. Its object is to provide those countries with the expertise needed to promote

technology of photography: The view, or technical, camera: For studio and commercial photography the view, or technical, camera takes single exposures on sheet films (formerly plates) usually between 4 × 5 inches and 8 × 10 inches. A front standard carries interchangeable lenses and shutters; a rear standard takes…

advanced ceramics, substances and processes used in the development and manufacture of ceramic materials that exhibit special properties. Ceramics, as is pointed out in the article ceramic composition and properties, are traditionally described as inorganic, nonmetallic solids that are prepared

drawing: Applied drawings: Applied and technical drawings differ in principle from art drawings in that they record unequivocally an objective set of facts and on the whole disregard aesthetic considerations. The contrast to the art drawing is sharpest in the case of technical project drawings, the…

technical education, the academic and vocational preparation of students for jobs involving applied science and modern technology. It emphasizes the understanding and practical application of basic principles of science and mathematics, rather than the attainment of proficiency in manual skills

drafting: The delineator, or technical illustrator, converts preliminary or final drawings into pictorial representations, usually perspective constructions in full colour to help others visualize the product, to inform the public, to attract investment, or to promote sales. Before undertaking their own drawings, persons entering the profession of…

Technical analysis attempts to identify underlying patterns of buying and selling in a stock or security that may offer clues about potential entry and exit points. This is done using technical indicators—in essence, mathematical calculations that analyze historical price and volume data to provide

boxing: Ring, rules, and equipment: …can be stopped by a technical knockout (TKO) when a boxer is deemed by the referee (and sometimes the ringside physician) to be unable to defend himself properly, when a boxer is deemed to have sustained a serious injury, or when a boxer or his seconds decide he should not…

Germany: Libraries: The Technical Library at Hannover is Germany’s most important library for science and technology and for translations of works in the fields of science and engineering. The great university libraries at Heidelberg, Cologne, Göttingen, Leipzig, Tübingen, and Munich are complemented by scores of other good university…

molybdenum processing: Technical molybdic oxide: About 97 percent of MoS2 must be converted into technical molybdic oxide (85–90 percent MoO3) in order to reach its commercial destination. Such conversion is almost universally carried out in Nichols-Herreshoff-type multiple-hearth furnaces, into which molybdenite concentrate is fed from the top…

Gordon Gould: …joined the defense research firm Technical Research Group (TRG) in 1958 to work on building a laser. Believing that he first needed to have a working prototype, he waited until 1959 to apply for a patent, but by that time Townes and physicist Arthur Schawlow had filed such an application…

Hungary: Higher education: …József University of Szeged, the Technical University of Budapest, and the Budapest University of Economic Sciences. There were also dozens of specialized schools and colleges throughout the country. In 2000 most of these specialized colleges were combined with older universities or with one another to form new “integrated universities.” The…

language: Translation: …end of the translator’s spectrum, technical prose dealing with internationally agreed scientific subjects may be the easiest type of material to translate, because cultural unification (in this respect), lexical correspondences, and stylistic similarity already exist in this type of usage in the languages most commonly involved, to a higher degree…

Technicolor, (trademark), motion-picture process using dye-transfer techniques to produce a colour print. The Technicolor process, perfected in 1932, originally used a beam-splitting optical cube, in combination with the camera lens, to expose three black-and-white films. The light beam was split

Technicolor, major French multimedia company and electronics manufacturer. The original company was formed in 1966 with the merger of Compagnie Française Thomson-Houston and Hotchkiss-Brandt, becoming known as Thomson-Brandt S.A. in 1972. Because its management was long dominated by career military

Patrick Joseph Frawley, Jr.: …industry, serving as chairman of Technicolor, Inc. (1961–70), and Sunn Classic Pictures (1972–81).

Herodian was a Greek grammarian of Alexandria who is important primarily for his work on Greek accents. A son of the grammarian Apollonius Dyscolus, Herodian settled in Rome under the emperor Marcus Aurelius, to whom he dedicated a treatise on accentuation and quantity entitled Katholikē prosōdia

Israel: Education: …University of Jerusalem (1925), the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa (1924), and the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot (1934), several institutions of higher learning have been founded since 1948, including the universities of Tel Aviv and Haifa, Bar-Ilan University (religious, located near Tel Aviv), and Ben-Gurion University of…

Israel: Education: …University of Jerusalem (1925), the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa (1924), and the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot (1934), several institutions of higher learning have been founded since 1948, including the universities of Tel Aviv and Haifa, Bar-Ilan University (religious, located near Tel Aviv), and Ben-Gurion University of…

architecture: Expression of technique: The second aspect of content is the communication of the structural significance of materials and methods. Its purpose is to interpret the way in which architecture is put together. The characteristics of materials that are important in expressing design techniques are the properties of…

Curzio Malaparte: …Technique du coup d’état (1931; Coup d’État, the Technique of Revolution; Italian trans., Tecnica del colpo di stato). His early fiction—Avventure di un capitano di Sventura (1927); Sodoma e Gomorra (1931); and Sangue (1937)—also showed a fascist slant.

history of technology: Criticisms of technology: …Society (1964, first published as La Technique in 1954). Ellul asserted that technology had become so pervasive that man now lived in a milieu of technology rather than of nature. He characterized this new milieu as artificial, autonomous, self-determining, nihilistic (that is, not directed to ends, though proceeding by cause…

Gresham M. Sykes: …articles on the subject, “Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency” (1957), Matza and Sykes proposed a “drift theory” (also known as neutralization theory), according to which delinquents use a series of justifications to neutralize their deviant behaviour. Typical justifications include passing the blame to others, insisting that the…

Braunschweig: The Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, the oldest technical university in Germany, was founded as the Collegium Carolinum in 1745 (its current name dates from 1968). There are also federal institutes for physics and technology, biology, agriculture and forestry, and aviation. The Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum…

techno, electronic dance music that began in the United States in the 1980s and became globally popular in the 1990s. With its glacial synthesizer melodies and brisk machine rhythms, techno was a product of the fascination of middle-class African-American youths in Detroit, Michigan, for European

Tom Clancy: …American novelist who created the techno-thriller—a suspenseful novel that relies on extensive knowledge of military technology and espionage.

technocracy, government by technicians who are guided solely by the imperatives of their technology. The concept developed in the United States early in the 20th century as an expression of the Progressive movement and became a subject of considerable public interest in the 1930s during the Great

technocracy: The much-publicized Committee on Technocracy, headed by Walter Rautenstrauch and dominated by Scott, was organized in 1932 in New York City. Scott proclaimed the invalidation, by technologically produced abundance, of all prior economic concepts based on scarcity; he predicted the imminent collapse of the price system and…

Paul Romer: …growth and its relation to technological innovation. Romer’s work shed light on the ways in which technological advances that help sustain economic growth are generated in human economic activities and showed that persistent growth requires government intervention in the form of investment in research and development (R & D) and…

museum: Science and technology museums: …Industry in Chicago or the Technological Museum in Mexico City, are of a more technical nature. These museums are often sponsored directly or indirectly by industries, which occasionally found their own museums in order to preserve their heritage and promote their work. Other museums highlight a specific product resulting from…

singularity, theoretical condition that could arrive in the near future when a synthesis of several powerful new technologies will radically change the realities in which we find ourselves in an unpredictable manner. Most notably, the singularity would involve computer programs becoming so advanced

science fiction: High technologies: … (1964), coined the useful term technological sublime to indicate a quasi-spiritual haze given off by any particularly visible and impressive technological advance. Science fiction dotes on the sublime, which ruptures the everyday and lifts the human spirit to the plateaus of high imagination. Common models of the technological sublime include…

technology, the application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life—or, as it is sometimes phrased, to the change and manipulation of the human environment. The word technology is a combination of the Greek technē, which means “art, craft,” and logos, which means “word, speech.”

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: Nuclear tests: …forward a countrywide plan called Technology Vision 2020, which he described as a road map for transforming India from a less-developed society to a developed one in 20 years. Among other measures, the plan called for increasing agricultural productivity, emphasizing technology as a vehicle for economic growth, and for widening…

TED, series of conferences that promote new ideas and work in a wide variety of human endeavour. TED was founded in 1983 by architect Richard Saul Wurman and television executive Harry Marks, and the first conference was held in February 1984 in Monterey, California. Because the initial conference

history of technology, the development over time of systematic techniques for making and doing things. The term technology, a combination of the Greek technē, “art, craft,” with logos, “word, speech,” meant in Greece a discourse on the arts, both fine and applied. When it first appeared in English

Decimus Magnus Ausonius: …piece of trifling is the Technopaegnion (“A Game of Art”), a set of poems in which each line ends in a monosyllable. His longest poem, on the Mosella (Moselle) River, has flashes of an almost Wordsworthian response to nature, with descriptions of the changing scenery as the river moves through…

Neil Postman: In Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology (1992), he drew attention to its often unperceived effects on thought and culture. He was particularly critical of what he termed technopoly, or the deification of technology, which results in social institutions and practices surrendering their sovereignty to…

blog: From geeks to mainstream: Technorati, Inc., a Web site and organization dedicated to mapping and searching the blogosphere, found that by October 2005 there were 19.6 million blogs, a number that has been doubling roughly every five months. Approximately 70,000 new blogs are created each day—or, more vividly, nearly…

Curzio Malaparte: …Technique du coup d’état (1931; Coup d’État, the Technique of Revolution; Italian trans., Tecnica del colpo di stato). His early fiction—Avventure di un capitano di Sventura (1927); Sodoma e Gomorra (1931); and Sangue (1937)—also showed a fascist slant.

Francisco Ayala: …in Spanish, developing, as in Tecnología y libertad (1959; “Technology and Freedom”), his ideas on reconciling individual conscience to society and on restating ancient moral values for modern times. The collapse of moral order and the hopelessness of human relations in society were themes in his two long pessimistic and…

Mesoamerican Indian languages: The classification and status of Mesoamerican languages: It is clear that the Huastecan branch was the first to separate off from the rest of the family. Next Yucatecan branched off, and then later the remaining Core Mayan separated into distinct branches. It appears that Cholan-Tzeltalan and…

Porfiriato: Porfirio Díaz’s ascent to power: …defeated government forces at the Battle of Tecoac on November 16, 1876. Having won support from a wide variety of discontented elements, Díaz took over the government and was formally elected president in May 1877.

Tecomán, city, southeastern Colima estado (state), west-central Mexico. It is situated on the Pacific lowlands near the Armería River, at 260 feet (80 metres) above sea level. Located in the state’s major agricultural region, Tecomán’s surrounding area yields coconuts, cotton, various tropical

Tectariaceae, the halberd fern family (order Polypodiales), containing 7–10 genera and about 230 species. Tectariaceae is distributed nearly worldwide but is most diverse in tropical regions. Most members of the family are classified in Tectaria, which comprises 150 or more species and is one of

tectogene, great downbuckle of the Earth’s crust into the mantle below deep-sea trenches that are filled with marine sediments. The sediments become crumpled and folded within the deep downbuckle; some portions are squeezed downward into the mantle, while others are squeezed upward in highly

teak, (genus Tectona grandis), large deciduous tree of the family Verbenaceae, or its wood, one of the most valuable timbers. Teak has been widely used in India for more than 2,000 years. The name teak is from the Malayalam word tēkka. The tree has a straight but often buttressed stem (i.e.,

tectonic basins and rift valleys, landforms characterized by relatively steep, mountainous sides and flat floors. The steep sides are created by displacement on faults such that the valley floor moves down relative to the surrounding margins, or, conversely, the margins move up relative to the

cave: Tectonic caves: Tectonic caves are formed by a mass movement of the bedrock. The rocks separate along joints or fractures, and are pulled apart mechanically. The resulting cave is usually a high, narrow fissure that has nearly planar walls with matching patterns on opposite sides…

earthquake: Tectonics: Tectonic earthquakes are explained by the so-called elastic rebound theory, formulated by the American geologist Harry Fielding Reid after the San Andreas Fault ruptured in 1906, generating the great San Francisco earthquake. According to the theory, a tectonic

fold, in geology, undulation or waves in the stratified rocks of Earth’s crust. Stratified rocks were originally formed from sediments that were deposited in flat horizontal sheets, but in a number of places the strata are no longer horizontal but have been warped. Sometimes the warping is so

continental landform: Tectonic geomorphology: In addition to the usual climatic imprints, orogenic tectonism (including volcanism) adds its obvious dimensions of elevation and slope to any surficial environment it encounters. It is now clear that orogenic realms in their early phases create gravitational opportunities for Earth sculpture that…

lake: Basins formed by tectonism, volcanism, and landslides: …contain depressions that eventually form lake basins. Lake Okeechobee, Florida, is cited as being such a basin, formed by uplift of the ocean floor.

tectonic landform, any of the relief features that are produced chiefly by uplift or subsidence of the Earth’s crust or by upward magmatic movements. They include mountains, plateaus, and rift valleys. Whereas erosion shapes landforms, their origins lie in tectonic processes that build the major

Earth: The outer shell: …major separate rigid blocks, or plates. There are two types of plates, oceanic and continental. An example of an oceanic plate is the Pacific Plate, which extends from the East Pacific Rise to the deep-sea trenches bordering the western part of the Pacific basin. A continental plate is exemplified by…

tectonics, scientific study of the deformation of the rocks that make up the Earth’s crust and the forces that produce such deformation. It deals with the folding and faulting associated with mountain building; the large-scale, gradual upward and downward movements of the crust (epeirogenic

diastrophism, large-scale deformation of Earth’s crust by natural processes, which leads to the formation of continents and ocean basins, mountain systems, plateaus, rift valleys, and other features by mechanisms such as lithospheric plate movement (that is, plate tectonics), volcanic loading, or

senses: Mechanical senses: …a gelatinous membrane called the tectorial membrane. Sound entering the inner ear stimulates different regions of the basilar membrane, depending on sound frequency. Hair cells in the stimulated regions are excited by the resulting shearing action between the stereocilia and the tectorial membrane. There are two kinds of hair cells…

Volcae: …divided into two sections: the Tectosages, of the valley of the upper Garonne River around Tolosa (Toulouse), and the Arecomici, of the right bank of the Rhône River with their centre at Nemausus (Nîmes). Both areas were included in the Roman province of Transalpine Gaul (later Narbonensis) in 121 bce.

tectosilicate, any member of a group of compounds with structures that have silicate tetrahedrons (each of which consists of a central silicon atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms at the corners of the tetrahedron) arranged in a three-dimensional lattice. Each of the four oxygen atoms of a given

integument: Birds: …feathers proper (remiges) and their coverts (tectrices). The remiges include the primaries, arising from the “hand” and digits and attached to the hand’s skeleton; the secondaries, arising from the forewing and attached to the ulna; and the tertials (when present), arising from the upper wing and attached to the humerus.…

human nervous system: Midbrain: The roof plate of the midbrain is formed by two paired rounded swellings, the superior and inferior colliculi. The superior colliculus receives input from the retina and the visual cortex and participates in a variety of visual reflexes, particularly the tracking of objects in the contralateral…

top shell: …top shells such as Trochus, Tectus, and Cittarium tend to be larger and more colourful than the genera from other regions. All species are herbivorous, feeding on algae or films of spores on rock surfaces. Male and female organs occur in separate individuals, and fertilization is external, with most species…

pre-Columbian civilizations: Social and political organization: …promoted to the rank of tecuhtli, entered one of the military orders, were assigned a private estate with serfs for their maintenance, and acted as an elite professional army. The children of both pipiltin and tecuhtli could enroll in the religious college, or calmecac, where they could be trained as…

pre-Columbian civilizations: Social and political organization: …promoted to the rank of tecuhtli, entered one of the military orders, were assigned a private estate with serfs for their maintenance, and acted as an elite professional army. The children of both pipiltin and tecuhtli could enroll in the religious college, or calmecac, where they could be trained as…

Tecumseh was a Shawnee Indian chief, orator, military leader, and advocate of intertribal Indian alliance who directed Indian resistance to white rule in the Ohio River valley. In the War of 1812 he joined British forces for the capture of Detroit and the invasion of Ohio. A decisive battle against

Canadian literature: Drama: …of dramatic writing, Charles Mair’s Tecumseh (1886) and Sarah Anne Curzon’s Laura Secord, the Heroine of 1812 (1887), both based on the War of 1812, were in verse. In the 1920s and ’30s Merrill Denison, Gwen Pharis Ringwood, and Herman Voaden struggled to establish Canadian drama, relying on the amateur…

Tecumseh was a Shawnee Indian chief, orator, military leader, and advocate of intertribal Indian alliance who directed Indian resistance to white rule in the Ohio River valley. In the War of 1812 he joined British forces for the capture of Detroit and the invasion of Ohio. A decisive battle against

Tecumseh was a Shawnee Indian chief, orator, military leader, and advocate of intertribal Indian alliance who directed Indian resistance to white rule in the Ohio River valley. In the War of 1812 he joined British forces for the capture of Detroit and the invasion of Ohio. A decisive battle against

TED, series of conferences that promote new ideas and work in a wide variety of human endeavour. TED was founded in 1983 by architect Richard Saul Wurman and television executive Harry Marks, and the first conference was held in February 1984 in Monterey, California. Because the initial conference

Seth MacFarlane: …the writer and director of Ted, the story of a man (Mark Wahlberg) whose best friend is a teddy bear (voiced by MacFarlane) that was brought to life by a childhood birthday wish. The bawdy comedy grossed more than $500 million worldwide and earned MacFarlane an Academy Award nomination for…

Seth MacFarlane: …and Wahlberg returned for the 2015 sequel. In 2013 he hosted the 85th Academy Awards ceremony. MacFarlane cowrote, directed, and starred in the comic adventure film A Million Ways to Die in the West (2014). He also adapted the screenplay for the movie as a novel. In 2016 MacFarlane provided…

United Airlines: …United launched its low-fare carrier Ted Airlines, which it discontinued in 2009, and in 2007 it acquired an equity stake in Aloha Airlines. The following year United partnered with Continental Airlines to expand its flight options, and in 2010 it merged with Continental. However, the two airlines continued to operate…

Jason Sudeikis: Ted Lasso: …into the Apple TV+ show Ted Lasso. Released in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, the feel-good series became a huge hit. At the center was Sudeikis’s Ted Lasso, an optimistic, folksy character prone to uplifting speeches. The series and its cast—which includes Brett Goldstein and Hannah Waddingham—received numerous awards, and…

TED: …2005 TED began awarding the TED Prize of $100,000 (U.S.) usually to “exceptional” individuals who then speak at the conference on how they would use the money to help them with “wishes big enough to change the world.” The first awardees were American inventor Robert Fischell, Canadian photographer Edward Burtynsky,…

Teda, people of the eastern and central Sahara (Chad, Niger, and Libya). Their language, also called Teda (or Tedaga), is closely related to the Kanuri and Zaghawa languages, and it belongs to the Saharan group of the Nilo-Saharan language family. Teda has northern and southern groups; the term

Teda language, language spoken in Chad, Niger, and Libya. It is closely related to the Kanuri, Zaghawa, and Berti languages and belongs to the Saharan group of the Nilo-Saharan family of languages. Teda has northern and southern groups, and the term Teda is sometimes used for the northern grouping

Teda language, language spoken in Chad, Niger, and Libya. It is closely related to the Kanuri, Zaghawa, and Berti languages and belongs to the Saharan group of the Nilo-Saharan family of languages. Teda has northern and southern groups, and the term Teda is sometimes used for the northern grouping

sponge: Oxygen uptake and excretion: , the tropical sponge Tedania ignis) exude large quantities of mucus, and some species produce toxic substances, which may cause inflammation and skin reactions in humans.

Arthur William Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder was a marshal of the Royal Air Force and deputy commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force under U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower who contributed significantly to the success of the Allied invasion of Normandy (June 6, 1944) and the German defeat on the

Arthur William Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder was a marshal of the Royal Air Force and deputy commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force under U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower who contributed significantly to the success of the Allied invasion of Normandy (June 6, 1944) and the German defeat on the

Teddington, residential area in the London borough of Richmond upon Thames, about 11 miles (18 km) southwest of central London. Teddington is situated on the north bank of the River Thames, and its large lock (1912) marks both the North Sea tidal limit on the Thames and the upstream limit of the

Ted Williams was an American professional baseball player who compiled a lifetime batting average of .344 as an outfielder with the American League Boston Red Sox from 1939 to 1960. He was the last player to hit .400 in Major League Baseball (.406 in 1941). Williams was an excellent ballplayer as a

Theodore Roosevelt: The early years: …bear after him, and the teddy bear fad soon swept the nation. His young children romped on the White House lawn, and the marriage of his daughter Alice in 1905 to Representative Nicholas Longworth of Ohio became the biggest social event of the decade.

cholla: Teddy bear cholla, or jumping cholla (C. bigelovii), is native to northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States and is sometimes cultivated as a desert ornamental for its showy golden spines. Chollas were formerly placed in the prickly pear genus (Opuntia).

Phil Spector: Early career: …under the name of the Teddy Bears, it was one of the biggest hits of 1958. But the group was never to be heard from again, because Spector had other ideas. He moved to New York City and served an apprenticeship with the writer-producer team of Jerry Leiber and Mike…