Tang was the reign name of the Chinese emperor who overthrew the Xia dynasty (c. 2070–c. 1600 bc) and founded the Shang, the first historical dynasty ( c. 1600–1046 bc, though the dating of the Shang—and hence also of the Tang emperor’s founding of it—have long been the subject of much debate). As

Taiyō, Japanese magazine published from 1895 to 1928 and especially known for its literary criticism, Japanese literature, and translations of Western authors. Although Taiyō treated various practical, intellectual, and aesthetic subjects, its literary editors Takayama Chogyū (1871–1902) and

Ishihara Shintarō: …he published his first novel, Taiyō no kisetsu (“Season of the Sun”), to great acclaim, winning the Akutagawa Prize in 1956, the year he graduated. He wrote plays, screenplays, and several more novels and acted in several movies (including the film adaptation of Taiyō no kisetsu) before winning a seat…

Taiyuan, city and capital of Shanxi sheng (province), China. One of the greatest industrial cities in China, it lies on the Fen River in the northern portion of the river’s fertile upper basin. Taiyuan commands the north-south route through Shanxi, as well as important natural lines of

Shanxi: Relief: …is the 100-mile- (160-km-) long Taiyuan Basin. North of Taiyuan are three detached basins, which are areas of cultivation. Farther north the Datong Basin forms a separate feature.

Taiyuan, city and capital of Shanxi sheng (province), China. One of the greatest industrial cities in China, it lies on the Fen River in the northern portion of the river’s fertile upper basin. Taiyuan commands the north-south route through Shanxi, as well as important natural lines of

Mount Tai: …of organized Daoism, changed to Taiyue Dadi (“Grand Emperor of Mount Tai”). In Ming times (1368–1644) the center of the popular cult was transferred from the spirit himself to his daughter, Taishan Niangniang (“The Lady of Mount Tai”)—also called Bixia Yunjun (“Goddess of the Colorful Clouds”)—whose cult had begun to…

Taʿizz, city, southwestern Yemen, in the Yemen Highlands. It is one of the country’s chief urban centres and a former national capital. The Ayyūbid dynasty under Tūrān Shāh, brother of Saladin, which conquered Yemen in 1173–74, made its capital first at Zabīd and then moved it to Taʿizz. The

Grandchamp and Taizé communities: Taizé communities, two associated Protestant religious communities founded in the mid-20th century in Switzerland and France.

T’ai-chung, special municipality (chih-hsia shih, or zhizia shi), west-central Taiwan. Since 1959 it has been the seat of the provincial administration of Taiwan province. T’ai-chung grew in the early 19th century as the collecting centre for a fertile agricultural basin situated between the low

T’ai-chung, former county (hsien, or xian), west-central Taiwan. Since 2010 it has been incorporated administratively into the T’ai-chung special municipality, The enlarged special municipality is bordered by the counties of Miao-li (Miaoli) to the north, I-lan (Yilan) and Hua-lien (Hualian) to the

Taizhou, city, southwest-central Jiangsu sheng (province), eastern China. It is situated about 30 miles (50 km) east of the city of Yangzhou, to which it is connected by the Tongyang Canal; the canal also joins Taizhou to Nantong (southeast) and to the coastal area of northern Jiangsu (northeast).

Japanese art: Esoteric Buddhism: …kongō-kai (“diamond world”) and the taizō-kai (“womb world”)—that organized the Buddhist divinities and their relationships in a prescribed gridlike configuration. The deities or spiritual entities portrayed in these paired paintings represent, in the kongō-kai, the realm of transcendent, clear enlightenment and, in the taizō-kai, the humane, compassionate aspects of the…

Taizong was the temple name (miaohao) of the second emperor (reigned 626–649) of the Tang dynasty (618–907) of China. Li Shimin was the second son of the dynastic founder, the Gaozu emperor. Traditional historians have portrayed him as the driving force behind his father’s uprising against the

Wendi was the posthumous name (shi) of the fourth emperor (reigned 180–157 bc) of the Han dynasty (206 bc–ad 220) of China. His reign was marked by good government and the peaceful consolidation of imperial power. A son of Liu Bang (the Gaozu emperor), the founder of the Han dynasty, Liu Heng was

Taizong was the temple name (miaohao) of the second emperor of the Song dynasty (960–1279) and brother of the first emperor, Taizu. He completed consolidation of the dynasty. When the Taizu emperor died in 976, the throne was passed to Taizong rather than to the first emperor’s infant son,

Yongle was the reign name (nianhao) of the third emperor (1402–24) of China’s Ming dynasty (1368–1644), which he raised to its greatest power. He moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing, which was rebuilt with the Forbidden City. Zhu Di’s father, the Hongwu emperor, had rapidly risen from a poor

Nurhachi was a chieftain of the Jianzhou Juchen, a Manchurian tribe, and one of the founders of the Manchu, or Qing, dynasty. His first attack on China (1618) presaged his son Dorgon’s conquest of the Chinese empire. The Juchen (Chinese: Nüzhen, or Ruzhen) were a Tungus people who belonged to those

Zhu Wen was a Chinese general who usurped the throne of the last emperor of the Tang dynasty (618–907) and proclaimed himself the first emperor of the Hou (Later) Liang dynasty (907–923). Originally, Zhu Wen was a follower of the great Tang rebel Huang Chao (d. 884), but at an opportune time he

Taizu was the Chinese emperor (reigned 960–976), military leader, and statesman who founded the Song dynasty (960–1279). He began the reunification of China, a project largely completed by his younger brother and successor, the Taizong emperor. Zhao Kuangyin (who posthumously received the dynastic

Sun Quan was the founder and first emperor of the Wu dynasty, one of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguo) into which China was divided at the end of the Han period (206 bc–ad 220). The Wu occupied the area in eastern China around Nanjing and lasted from 222 to 280. Its capital, Jianye, became

Taizu was the leader of the nomadic Juchen (Chinese: Nüzhen, or Ruzhen) tribes who occupied north and east Manchuria. He founded the Jin, or Juchen, dynasty (1115–1234) and conquered all of North China. The Juchen were originally vassals of the Mongol-speaking Khitan tribes who had occupied part of

Hongwu was the Chinese emperor (reigned 1368–98) who founded the Ming dynasty that ruled China for nearly 300 years. During his reign, the Hongwu emperor instituted military, administrative, and educational reforms that centred power in the emperor. The future Hongwu emperor was born in 1328 as Zhu

taj, brimless hat, usually conical or curved on top, worn by men and women in Muslim countries. The taj (from the Persian and Arabic words for crown) developed out of the ancient tiaras (see tiara) worn in the Mesopotamian valley. A hat of notability and prestige, the taj is often made of rich

Taj Mahal, mausoleum complex in Agra, western Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. The Taj Mahal was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahān (reigned 1628–58) to immortalize his wife Mumtaz Mahal (“Chosen One of the Palace”), who died in childbirth in 1631, having been the emperor’s inseparable

South Asian arts: Parsi theatre: Imtiaz Ali Taj (1900–70) was a bridge between Agha Hashr and contemporary Pakistani playwrights. His Anarkali (1922), the tragic love story of a harem girl, Anarkali, and Crown Prince Salim (son of Akbar the Great), unfolds the love-hate relationship of a domineering emperor and his…

Bhopal: The contemporary city: …several mosques, including the 19th-century Taj-ul-Masjid, the largest mosque in India. A three-day religious pilgrimage is held at the mosque annually, which attracts Muslim pilgrims from all parts of India. Other significant attractions in and around Bhopal include Fatehgarh Fort; Lakshminarayan Temple; Bharat Bhawan, a multipurpose arts centre; the Museum…

Bangka Belitung: Geography: In central Belitung, Mount Tajem stretches above 1,640 feet (500 metres). The province is drained by many small rivers, most notably the Kampa, Baturusa, Kepo, Kurau, Layang, and Kambu, all on Bangka, and the Buding and Linggang, on Belitung.

Henri Tajfel was a Polish-born British social psychologist, best known for his concept of social identity, a central idea in what became known as social identity theory. He is remembered in Europe for the effort he gave to establishing a European style of social psychology, one that recognized the

Tajik, a Persian-speaking people of Central Asia located primarily in Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, and China’s Xinjiang province. The Tajiks constitute more than four-fifths of the population of Tajikistan. In the 2010s there were more than 7.5 million Tajiks in Tajikistan and more than 1.5

Iranian languages: Modern Iranian: Tajik, another West Iranian language, is spoken by more than 7,000,000 people widely spread throughout Tajikistan and the rest of Central Asia and is readily intelligible to speakers of Persian, to which it is very closely related, although it is in some respects more archaic.

Dushanbe: …Academy of Sciences (1951), the Tajik State University (1948), and medical, teacher-training, agricultural, and polytechnic institutes, as well as embroidery workshops; there are also several theaters. The population is predominantly Russian and Tajik; other nationalities include Tatars and Ukrainians. Pop. (2007 est.) 679,400.

Tajikistan, landlocked country lying in the heart of Central Asia. It is bordered by Kyrgyzstan on the north, China on the east, Afghanistan on the south, and Uzbekistan on the west and northwest. Tajikistan includes the Gorno-Badakhshan (“Mountain Badakhshan”) autonomous region, with its capital

horizontally striped red-white-green national flag with a central gold crown. The flag’s width-to-length ratio is 1 to 2.After World War II the member republics of the Soviet Union altered their flags to bring in stripes of national colours. Tajikistan was the last of the 15 to act. Previous Soviet

Tajikistan: Early history and Islamic period: The ancestors of the Tajiks constituted the core of the ancient population of Khwārezm (Khorezm) and Bactria, which formed part of Transoxania (Sogdiana). They were included in the empires of Persia and Alexander the Great, and they intermingled with such later invaders as the Kushāns and…

Tajikistan, landlocked country lying in the heart of Central Asia. It is bordered by Kyrgyzstan on the north, China on the east, Afghanistan on the south, and Uzbekistan on the west and northwest. Tajikistan includes the Gorno-Badakhshan (“Mountain Badakhshan”) autonomous region, with its capital

Tajimi, city, Gifu ken (prefecture), central Honshu, Japan. It lies along the Toki River, northeast of Nagoya. Tajimi has long been known for its ceramic industry. During the 16th century, kilns were established at the foot of Mount Takatori, where captured Korean potters produced a white glazed

tagine, North African cooking vessel consisting of a flat rimmed dish and a tall conical lid. The term tagine also refers to the slow-simmered stews cooked in this vessel. Tagines are a staple in Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria, both as a kitchen tool and as a major dish in their cuisines. Tagines

Pokémon: Japanese game designer Satoshi Tajiri created the first Pokémon game in 1996 for the recently introduced Nintendo Game Boy portable console. The concept arose from his childhood hobby of collecting insects, as well as his love of anime, or Japanese animation. Tajiri saw the Game Boy as an…

Taymyr, former autonomous okrug (district), north-central Siberian Russia. In 2007 Taymyr was subsumed under Krasnoyarsk kray (territory). It lies on the hilly Taymyr Peninsula, the most northerly part of the Eurasian continent, and extends south to the northern edge of the Central Siberian

Taymyr Peninsula, northernmost extension of the Eurasian landmass, in north-central Siberia in Krasnoyarsk kray (region), northeastern central Russia. The northernmost point of the peninsula is Cape Chelyuskin, north of which lie Vilkitsky Strait and Severnaya Zemlya. To the west of the peninsula

Tagus River, longest waterway of the Iberian Peninsula. It rises in the Sierra de Albarracín of eastern Spain, at a point about 90 miles (150 km) from the Mediterranean coast, and flows westward across Spain and Portugal for 626 miles (1,007 km) to empty into the Atlantic Ocean near Lisbon. Its

Tajong-gyo, modern Korean millenarian sect that originated in the late 19th century. Tajong-gyo was formulated by Na Chul. It worships the Lord, the Light, or the Progenitor of the Heaven. The triune deity consists of Great Wisdom, Power, and Virtue, which are parallel to the mind, body, and breath

Alfred Tarski was a Polish-born American mathematician and logician who made important studies of general algebra, measure theory, mathematical logic, set theory, and metamathematics. Tarski completed his education at the University of Warsaw (Ph.D., 1923). He taught in Warsaw until 1939, when he

Tajumulco Volcano, mountain peak in southwestern Guatemala. The highest peak in Central America, Tajumulco rises essentially from sea level to an elevation of 13,845 feet (4,220 metres). The peak is part of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, a mountain range that extends into Guatemala from Chiapas state

Arabic literature: The Qurʾān: …highly elaborated skill known as tajwīd). The textual version of the Qurʾān was to become the focus of a vast repertoire of scholarship—devoted to the interpretation of the text and to the codification of the dogmas, regulations, and ethical prescriptions that it contains and the system of language that it…

Miroslav Holub: … (1960; “Achilles and the Tortoise”), Tak zvané srdce (1963; “The So-Called Heart”), and Ačkoli (1969; Although).

lacquerwork: Japanese processes: …polished down to show them; taka-maki-e, decoration in bold relief; hiramaki-e, decoration in low relief: rō-iro, polished black; chinkin-bori, engraved lacquer; kirikane, square dice of sheet gold or silver, inserted separately on the surface; and raden, inlaid shell and

Károly Takács was a Hungarian athlete who twice won Olympic gold medals in rapid-fire pistol shooting despite having his shooting hand maimed by a hand grenade. Takács, a sergeant in the Hungarian army, was a member of his nation’s world championship pistol shooting team. At age 28, however, a

Jōetsu: …the amalgamation of Naoetsu and Takada.

Jokichi Takamine: …to diastase; he named it Takadiastase. In 1890 he was called to the United States to devise a practical application of the enzyme for the distilling industry. At this time he took up permanent residence in the United States, establishing the laboratory at Clifton, N.J., where his pioneering research in…

Takahama Kyoshi was a haiku poet, a major figure in the development of haiku literature in modern Japan. Through his friend Kawahigashi Hekigotō, he became acquainted with the renowned poet Masaoka Shiki and began to write haiku poems. In 1898 Takahama became the editor of Hototogisu, a magazine of

Go-Daigo was the emperor of Japan (1318–39), whose efforts to overthrow the shogunate and restore the monarchy led to civil war and divided the imperial family into two rival factions. Takaharu ascended the throne at a time when the nation was in one of the more turbulent periods of its history.

Takahashi Hisako was a Japanese economist and government official who became the first female member of the Supreme Court of Japan (1994–97). After graduating from Ochanomizu University, Takahashi did postgraduate work in economics at the University of Tokyo. In 1953 she entered the Women’s Bureau

Japan: Events in China: Moreover, the finance minister Takahashi Korekiyo, whose policies had brought Japan out of its economic depression, was killed, and his opposition to further inflationary spending was thus stilled. In politics, the confrontation between the parties and the army continued. Efforts to find a leader who could represent both military…

Nishida Kitarō: Nishida’s philosophy of Nothingness: …important are the criticisms by Takahashi Satomi and Tanabe Hajime. Takahashi was the first scholar to appreciate and evaluate the distinctively Japanese philosophy in Nishida’s Zen no kenkyū, and later he contributed his critical investigation of Nishida’s philosophy in its mature form. Tanabe, Nishida’s disciple and successor as chair of…

Takahashi Yuichi was a Japanese Western-style painter active in the late Tokugawa and Meiji periods. The son of a martial-arts teacher, Takahashi studied the traditional Japanese painting of the Kanō school but, impressed by some Western lithographs that he saw, turned to a Western-style realism.

Yu-Gi-Oh!: …created by Japanese manga author-illustrator Kazuki Takahashi and began appearing as a regular feature in the magazine Shonen Jump in 1996. While early segments featured a variety of different games, the reaction of teenage fans to Duel Monsters was overwhelming, inspiring Takahashi to create a real-life version, wherein players would…

Miyazaki Hayao: Early life and first films: …Tōei, he met fellow animators Takahata Isao and Ōta Akemi. The former became a lifelong friend, collaborator, and business partner, and the latter, after a one-year courtship, became his wife. Miyazaki moved through the ranks at Tōei, working on such projects as the television series Ōkami shōnen Ken (“Wolf Boy…

takahe, (Porphyrio hochstetteri), rare flightless bird of New Zealand that was thought to have become extinct in the late 1800s but that was rediscovered in 1948 in several remote valleys on South Island. Given that fewer than 250 mature birds remain and only on small islands, the International

Mount Takahe, snow-covered shield volcano located in Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica, near the edge of the Thwaites Glacier. Mount Takahe, whose summit sits 11,352 feet (3,460 meters) above sea level, is roughly conical in shape, extending approximately 18 miles (29 km) across. The volcano’s

Go-Toba was the 82nd emperor of Japan, whose attempt to restore power to the imperial house resulted in total subjugation of the Japanese court. He was placed on the throne in 1183, taking the reign name Go-Toba (“Later Toba”), by the Minamoto clan after it had established military hegemony over

Root-Takahira Agreement: …the Japanese ambassador in Washington, Takahira Kogoro. The principles of the resulting agreement emphasized the wish of both governments to maintain the status quo in the Pacific and to defend the Open Door policy and the integrity and independence of China. In addition, they resolved to develop their commerce in…

Go-Sanjō was the 71st emperor of Japan, whose abdication in favour of his son, Kidahito (the emperor Shirakawa), established a precedent for government by retired emperor, thereby contributing to the decline of the powerful Fujiwara clan. One of the few Japanese rulers of the period not born of a

Tokay, famous, usually sweet white wine of Hungary, made from the Hungarian Furmint grape. The wine derives its name from the Tokaj district of northeastern Hungary. Though some Tokay is dry, the finest version, Tokaji Aszu, is made from late-ripened grapes affected by Botrytis cinerea, a mold that

bryophyte: General features: , the liverwort Takakia). The shoot may or may not appear flattened. The phyllids are usually attached by an expanded base and are mainly one cell thick. Many mosses, however, possess one or more midribs several cells in thickness. The phyllids of bryophytes generally lack vascular tissue and…

Takakkaw Falls, cataract on the Yoho River, and a major feature in the northern part of Yoho National Park in southeastern British Columbia, Canada. The Takakkaw (Cree Indian for “wonderful”) Falls is formed by meltwater from the Daly Glacier in the Waputik Mountains and consists of three distinct,

Chakma, largest of the indigenous populations of Bangladesh, also settled in parts of northeastern India and in Myanmar (Burma). Their Indo-Aryan language has its own script, but the Chakma writing system has given way, for the most part, to Bengali script. The earliest history of the Chakma people

Shintō: Early clan religion and ceremonies: …Plain of High Heaven (Takama no Hara, the kami’s world), Middle Land (Nakatsukuni, the present world), and the Hades (Yomi no Kuni, the world after death) were arranged in vertical order. The other view was a two-dimensional one in which this world and the Perpetual Country (Tokoyo, a utopian…

lacquerwork: Japanese processes: …polished down to show them; taka-maki-e, decoration in bold relief; hiramaki-e, decoration in low relief: rō-iro, polished black; chinkin-bori, engraved lacquer; kirikane, square dice of sheet gold or silver, inserted separately on the surface; and raden, inlaid shell and

Takamatsu, city and capital of Kagawa ken (prefecture), Shikoku, Japan, facing the Inland Sea. It was a castle town of the Tokugawa family from 1642 to 1868. A railway ferry was opened in 1910 between Takamatsu and Uno, in Okayama prefecture, thereby linking the city to the island of Honshu. The

Japanese architecture: The Tumulus period: The Takamatsu tomb (discovered 1972) and the Fujinoki tomb (1985) suggest high levels of artistic achievement and a sophisticated assimilation of continental culture. The Takamatsu tomb is noted for its wall paintings containing a design scheme representing a total Chinese cosmology. Included are especially fine female…

musubi: …three deities first named are Takami-musubi no Kami (“Exalted Musubi Deity”), who is later related to the gods of the heaven; Kami-musubi no Kami (“Sacred Musubi Deity”), related to the gods of the earth; and Ame no Minaka-nushi no Kami (“Heavenly Centre-Ruling Deity”). Some Shintō scholars hold that all Shintō…

Jokichi Takamine was a biochemist and industrial leader whose most important achievement was the isolation of the chemical adrenalin (now called epinephrine) from the suprarenal gland (1901). This was the first pure hormone to be isolated from natural sources. The son of a physician, Takamine

Akebono: …agreed to meet fellow Hawaiian Jesse Kuhaulua, who had become a sumo stablemaster in Japan. Before retiring from sumo competition in 1984, Kuhaulua (under the name Takamiyama) had set a series of virtually unbeatable records as an ozeki (junior champion), the second-highest sumo rank. He persuaded Rowan to join his…

Takamura Kōun was a Japanese sculptor who worked to preserve the art of wood carving. Takamura studied Buddhist sculpture under Takamura Tōun, later succeeding to his master’s art and name. He had to endure poverty in order to continue making wood sculpture, since ivory was the favoured medium of

Yamamoto Isoroku was a Japanese naval officer who conceived of the surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941. Yamamoto graduated from the Japanese Naval Academy in 1904, and a year later he was wounded in action at the Battle of Tsushima during the Russo-Japanese War.

Kao-hsiung, special municipality (chih-hsia shih, or zhizia shi) and major international port in southwestern Taiwan. It is situated on the coast of the Taiwan Strait, its city centre about 25 miles (40 km) south-southeast from central T’ai-nan (Tainan) special municipality. The site has been

cultural anthropology: Non-Western cultural anthropologists: …communication,” the Japanese cultural anthropologist Takao Sofue has noted, “has [thus] been seriously restricted with the result that Japanese scientists have been isolated from effective criticism from abroad” (“Social Anthropology in Japan,” American Behavioral Scientist, 12:15–17, Jan.–Feb. 1969). It has also meant, of course, that they have not been sufficiently…

Takaoka, city, Toyama ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on the lower reaches of the Shō River. The city was founded with the construction of Takaoka Castle in 1609. It became a trade centre, known for its manufacture of metalware. Based on the Comprehensive National Development Plan, the

North Shore: …former boroughs of Devonport and Takapuna. Devonport is one of Auckland’s oldest suburbs, with beaches and homes of the Auckland affluent, and it is the location of Devonport Naval Base. Takapuna has some of Auckland’s most popular beaches and is linked with the central business district by the Auckland Harbour…

Takarazuka, city, Hyōgo ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on the northeastern slope of Mount Rokkō. The city is a hot-springs resort and is renowned for its female opera company. The opera house, which has been operated by the Railway Society since 1919, has a seating capacity of 4,000, making it

Takasago, city, Hyōgo ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on the Inland Sea. It long served as a collection and distribution centre for the rice that was produced in the hinterland of the Harima Sea, a portion of the Inland Sea. In the late 19th century Takasago’s harbour and plentiful water supply

Takasaki, city, Gumma ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It is situated northwest of Tokyo along the Karasu River, a tributary of the Tone River. A typical castle town, Takasaki became increasingly important as a commercial and transport centre with the expansion of the railway network after the

Takashimaya Co., Ltd., one of the oldest department-store companies in Japan. The company traces its history back to a cotton-goods store founded in Kyōto in 1831; the modern limited-liability company was established in 1919. The company’s contemporary department stores are in Tokyo, Ōsaka, Kyōto,

Takasugi Shinsaku was a noted Japanese imperial loyalist whose restructuring of the military forces of the feudal fief of Chōshū enabled that domain to defeat the armies of the Tokugawa shogun, the hereditary military dictator of Japan. That victory led to the Meiji Restoration (1868), the

Yamaga Sokō was a military strategist and Confucian philosopher who set forth the first systematic exposition of the missions and obligations of the samurai (warrior) class and who made major contributions to Japanese military science. Yamaga’s thought became the central core of what later came to

pottery: Azuchi-Momoyama period (1573–1600): The Mino pottery was founded by Katō Yosabei, whose sons started other potteries in the vicinity, notably that under the aegis of the tea master Furuta Oribe Masashige. New kilns were also built elsewhere, and pottery, while retaining its importance in the tea ceremony, became much…

Takatsuki, city, Ōsaka fu (urban prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It lies along the Yodo River, midway between Ōsaka and Kyōto. During the late Muromachi period (1338–1573), Takatsuki became a castle town, and an army engineers’ camp was established there in the late 19th century. The city’s

Tagawa, city, Fukuoka ken (prefecture), Kyushu, Japan, on the upper Onga River. It was a farm village until the systematic exploitation of nearby coalfields began after 1900. Tagawa was the largest mining town in the Chikuhō coalfield region until 1970, when the last of the mines was closed. The

Takayama, city, Gifu ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on the Miya River. It contains many old buildings and temples, including the Kokubun Temple (1588), and it was a castle town during the Tokugawa period (1603–1867). Takayama is a centre of the Hida Mountains region. The city is also a tourist

scanning tunneling microscope: Applications: …complex pattern known as the Takayanagi 7 × 7 structure. The position, the chemical reactivity, and the electronic configuration of each atomic site on the 7 × 7 surface has been measured with the STM. The reconstruction of the silicon surface designated (100) is more simple. The surface atoms form…

connective tissue disease: Necrotizing vasculitides: Takayasu arteritis, with variants called pulseless disease, branchial arteritis, and giant-cell arteritis of the aorta, involves principally the thoracic aorta (chest portion) and the adjacent segments of its large branches. Symptoms, including diminished or absent pulses in the arms, are related to narrowing and obstruction of these vessels. Takayasu arteritis…

Tekezē River, river, major tributary of the Atbara River, itself a tributary of the Nile. It rises near Lalībela, Ethiopia, and flows in a deep ravine, north and then west, where it forms part of the border between Ethiopia and Eritrea, to enter Sudan below Om Hajer. It joins the Atbara River 35

Mitchell Leisen: Films of the 1940s of Mitchell Leisen: Take a Letter, Darling (1942) featured MacMurray as the male secretary (a painter who needs a day job) to a high-powered advertising executive (Rosalind Russell) who falls for him despite her better judgment. In the visually arresting No Time for Love (1943), MacMurray played a…

There are several safety nets to consider.If you crash your car, get sick, see a tree crush your garage, or worst of all, if you lose someone in your immediate family suddenly, insurance helps cover the financial cost. Different types of insurance address just about every contingency—including

novelty song: …(Dave Brubeck’s jazz number “Take Five,”a hit in 1961; Laurie Anderson’s performance art work “O Superman,” in 1981).

Carole King: …number one songs were “Take Good Care of My Baby” (1961; Bobby Vee), “The Loco-Motion” (1962; Little Eva), and “Go Away, Little Girl” (1962; Steve Lawrence). Other King and Goffin hits included “Up on the Roof” (1962; the Drifters

Jackson Browne: …the Eagles (most notably “Take It Easy”).

Jackie Gleason: …performance in the Broadway musical Take Me Along (1959), Gleason continued hosting television variety shows through the 1960s and landed some choice movie roles. His portrayal of pool shark Minnesota Fats in The Hustler (1961) garnered an Oscar nomination for best supporting actor, and in the next few years he…