Fartlek, (Swedish: “Speed Play”), approach to distance-running training involving variations of pace from walking to sprinting aimed at eliminating boredom and enhancing the psychological aspects of conditioning. It was popularized by the Swedish Olympic coach Gosta Holmer after World War II and is used particularly by cross-country and long-distance track runners, usually in combination with other training methods. This type of training can be tailored to each individual’s needs. Pace and terrain are continuously altered, with workouts ranging from about 20 minutes to several hours in length. The runner may employ such variations as short sprints, walking, running up inclines, running at a pace, or backward running.

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interval training, method of competitive training in which rest and exercise intervals of controlled duration are alternated. Rest intervals allow time for the athlete’s pulse rate to return to near normal before beginning the next exercise period. During exercise intervals, the athlete performs at a specified level of performance, slightly less than his best effort. Interval training is frequently used by track and competitive-swimming coaches.

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