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Giuseppe Mazzini
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Giuseppe Mazzini Article

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Below is the article summary. For the full article, see Giuseppe Mazzini.

Giuseppe Mazzini, (born June 22, 1805, Genoa—died March 10, 1872, Pisa, Italy), Italian patriot and a major figure in the making of modern Italy. A lawyer, he joined the secret independence group Carbonari. After he was imprisoned for its activities, he moved to Marseille (1831), where he founded the patriotic movement Young Italy. He later expanded his plan for a world republican federation and in Switzerland founded Young Europe. In London (1837) he continued his revolutionary activities by correspondence with agents worldwide. He founded the People’s International League (1847) and received support from English liberals. In 1848 he returned to Italy to help govern the short-lived Republic of Rome, but returned to England after the pope reestablished control in Rome. Mazzini founded the Friends of Italy (1851) and backed unsuccessful uprisings in Milan, Mantua, and Genoa. An uncompromising republican, he disapproved of the new united Kingdom of Italy (1861). See also Risorgimento.

collection of newspapers
newspaper Summary
Newspaper, a publication and form of mass communication and mass media usually issued daily, weekly, or at other regular times that provides news, views, features, and other information of public interest and that often carries advertising. Forerunners of the modern newspaper include the Acta
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
nationalism Summary
Nationalism, ideology based on the premise that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual or group interests. This article discusses the origins and history of nationalism to the 1980s. For later developments in the history of nationalism, see 20th-century
Italy
Italy Summary
Italy, country of south-central Europe, occupying a peninsula that juts deep into the Mediterranean Sea. Italy comprises some of the most varied and scenic landscapes on Earth and is often described as a country shaped like a boot. At its broad top stand the Alps, which are among the world’s most