ammeter

ammeter, instrument for measuring either direct (DC) or alternating (AC) electric current, in amperes. An ammeter can measure a wide range of current values because at high values only a small portion of the current is directed through the meter mechanism; a shunt in parallel with the meter carries the major portion. In circuit diagrams, the symbol for an ammeter is a circle with a capital A inside.

Ammeters vary in their operating principles and accuracies. The D’Arsonval-movement ammeter measures direct current flowing through a coil suspended between the poles of a magnet with accuracies of from 0.1 to 2.0 percent. The electrodynamic ammeter uses a moving coil rotating in the field produced by a fixed coil. It measures direct and alternating current (by using a rectifier to convert the AC to DC) with accuracies of 0.1 to 0.25 percent. In the thermal (or hot-wire) ammeter, used primarily to measure AC with accuracies of 0.5 to 3 percent, the measured current heats a piece of wire, and the current is indicated by how much the wire expands. Digital ammeters, with no moving parts, use a circuit such as the dual slope integrator to convert a measured analog (continuous) current to its digital equivalent. Many digital ammeters have accuracies better than 0.1 percent.