umiak

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umiak

boat

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umiak, boat used by the Greenland and later by the Alaskan Eskimos for transport. It was called the woman’s boat, as opposed to the kayak, the men’s hunting and fishing boat.

Like the kayak, the umiak was made of seal or other animal skins stretched over a driftwood or whalebone frame and was paddled. Unlike the kayak, it was an open boat, either round in shape or elongated much like the birchbark canoe. The umiak was used by women for transporting themselves, children, the elderly, and possessions; the umiak was also used by the men for whaling. In the 20th century the umiak was first furnished with an outboard motor and finally displaced by conventional motorboats, as was the kayak, except for recreation or sporting.

This article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen.

kayak

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kayak

boat

Also known as: baidarka

Written and fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

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Key People:: Gert Fredriksson; Jessica Fox; Lisa Carrington

Related Topics:: boat; canoe; faltboat; kayaking

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kayak, one of the two common types of canoe used for recreation and sport. It originated with the Eskimos of Greenland and was later also used by Alaskan Eskimos. It has a pointed bow and stern and no keel and is covered except for a cockpit in which the paddler or paddlers sit, facing forward and using a double-bladed paddle. The kayak was commonly built for one occupant but could be designed for two or three. The Eskimos built kayaks by stretching seal or other animal skins over a driftwood or whalebone frame and rubbing them with animal fat to waterproof the covering. The paddler wore an overlapping shield to permit the kayak to be righted without shipping (i.e., taking on) water after rolling over. The kayak was used by Eskimo men for fishing and hunting. The kayak’s shallow draft, narrow width, and quiet operation allowed Eskimo hunters to explore tightly constricted waterways with great stealth, which helped them harvest more game. In the 20th century the Eskimos gradually abandoned the kayak in favour of motorboats. For the use and construction of the kayak in modern recreation and sport, see canoeing. See also umiak.

This article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen.