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barbarian
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“Barbarian Archer in Scythian Costume,” Athenian plate by Epictetus, late 6th century bc; in the British Museum routes of barbarian invasions of Europe
The ancient Greek and Roman origins of the word barbarian
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“Barbarian Archer in Scythian Costume,” Athenian plate by Epictetus, late 6th century bc; in the British Museum
“Barbarian Archer in Scythian Costume,” Athenian plate by Epictetus, late 6th century bc; in the British Museum

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Also known as: barbari, externae gentes
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routes of barbarian invasions of Europe
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routes of barbarian invasions of EuropeMap of routes taken by Germanic peoples across Europe during the so-called barbarian invasions.
The ancient Greek and Roman origins of the word barbarian
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The ancient Greek and Roman origins of the word barbarianLearn how the word barbarian originated.
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barbarian, word derived from the Greek bárbaros, used among the early Greeks to describe all foreigners, including the Romans. The word is probably onomatopoeic in origin, the “bar bar” sound representing the perception by Greeks of languages other than their own. Bárbaros soon assumed a deeply negative meaning, becoming associated with the vices and savage natures which the Greeks attributed to their enemies. The Romans adopted the word for all peoples other than those under Greco-Roman influence and domination. The name Barbary, once used to describe North Africa, is derived from the region’s Berber inhabitants, not from bárbaros.

This article was most recently revised and updated by Robert Lewis.