certainty

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Super Typhoon Noru over the western tropical Pacific Ocean as observed by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA Aqua satellite July 31 2017

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Baseball laying in the grass. Homepage blog 2010, arts and entertainment, history and society, sports and games athletics

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Iraqi Army Soldiers from the 9th Mechanized Division learning to operate and maintain M1A1 Abrams Main Battle Tanks at Besmaya Combat Training Center, Baghdad, Iraq, 2011. Military training. Iraq war. U.S. Army

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An ancient egyptian hieroglyphic painted carving showing the falcon headed god Horus seated on a throne and holding a golden fly whisk. Before him are the Pharoah Seti and the goddess Isis. Interior wall of the temple to Osiris at Abydos, Egypt.

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A human Inuit skull in a stone chambered cairn in Ilulissat in Greenland. These ancient graves are pre christian and are at least 2000

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Diverse elementary school children wearing school uniforms running outside of school. Boys girls

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Woman tied to a ducking stool, a method of punishment by means of humiliation, beating, or death. (cucking stool)

8 Unusual Punishments Inflicted on Women Throughout History

certainty

philosophy

Also known as: indubitability

Learn about this topic in these articles:

Duns Scotus’ four classes

$optical illusion: refraction of light$
In epistemology: John Duns Scotus
…that can be known with certainty. First, there are things that are knowable simpliciter, including true identity statements such as “Cicero is Tully” and propositions, later called analytic, such as “Man is rational.” Duns Scotus claimed that such truths “coincide” with that which makes them true. One consequence of his…
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epistemological considerations

$optical illusion: refraction of light$
In epistemology: Knowledge and certainty
…the concepts of knowledge and certainty. Are they the same? If not, how do they differ? Is it possible for someone to know that p without being certain that p, or to be certain that p without knowing that p? Is it possible for p to be certain without being…
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