Ōhira Masayoshi (born March 12, 1910, Toyohama, Kagawa prefecture, Shikoku, Japan—died June 12, 1980, Tokyo) was the prime minister of Japan from 1978 to 1980.

Ōhira was a converted Christian who rose from rural poverty and worked his way through what is now Hitosubashi University. After graduation (1936), he pursued a career in the Finance Ministry and later (1952) was elected to the House of Representatives, holding his seat for 10 terms.

Ōhira became well known for his negotiating abilities. In 1960, as Ikeda Hayato’s chief cabinet secretary, he helped stabilize the country after the anti-American confusion in the late 1950s. As minister of foreign affairs in the second Ikeda cabinet (1962), he prepared for restoration of relations with South Korea. Later, as foreign minister in the Tanaka cabinet, he paved the way for normalization of relations with the People’s Republic of China. In 1978, as a result of having won the presidency of the Liberal-Democratic Party (LDP), Ōhira was elected prime minister. Less than two years later, however, he called a general election after a number of LDP members joined the opposition in a vote of no confidence. Ōhira unexpectedly died during the election campaign.