Pollution beliefs in modern society

Pollution beliefs and fears occur in modern society as well as in any other, although they are not systematized and usually not understood as such. Racism and other forms of prejudice apparently play upon pollution fears. Of less serious consequence are such notions that warts result from masturbation (traditionally considered a polluting or impure practice in conventional Western societies), that there is something dangerous or polluting in intercourse with menstruating women, and that (as in a New York state law) men and women should not have their hair cut or beauty services performed in the same room. Physiological processes (e.g., urination and other forms of elimination) are often viewed with disgust, and as a result many modern notions of sanitation are based on not entirely rational principles. The highly developed mortuary profession (especially in Western countries) protects persons in contact with death not only from grief but probably from pollution fears as well. On the whole, however, there are fewer pollution beliefs in modern society than in traditional societies. This trend may be attributed in part to the assimilation of these beliefs into moral and religious concepts.