Ahmed Abdallah Sambi

Ahmed Abdallah Sambi (born June 5, 1958, Moutsamoudou, Anjouan [Ndzuwani], Comoros) is a Comorian politician, businessman, and Islamic scholar who served as president of Comoros (2006–11). Sambi’s assumption of office marked the first peaceful transfer of power between Comorian leaders since the island country, a former French overseas territory, declared its independence in 1975.

Sambi studied Islamic theology and political theory in Iran and became a Sunni cleric. As founder and leader of the National Front for Justice (FNJ), an Islamic fundamentalist political party, he was elected to the Comorian legislative assembly in 1996. However, he soon left politics to pursue a business career, eventually becoming the owner of several factories producing mattresses, bottled water, and perfume.

Under the 2001 Comorian constitution the office of president was to rotate between the country’s three semiautonomous islands of Grand Comore (N’gazidja), Anjouan (Ndzuwani), and Mohéli (Mwali). In the presidential election of May 2006, which was contested by candidates from Anjouan, Sambi ran as an independent, promising to end government corruption and to create jobs. He received 58 percent of the national vote, defeating Ibrahim Halidi, the country’s former prime minister and the candidate supported by the previous president, Azali Assoumani.

Upon his election Sambi declared that Comoros was not ready to become an Islamic state and that he would not force women to wear the veil (see purdah). Among the first actions of his government was to lodge corruption charges against former officials and to reduce the price of rice, one of the country’s main staples. In 2007 Sambi reorganized the national government and created four new ministries. Sambi was subsequently preoccupied by a prolonged dispute with the local president of Anjouan over the legitimacy of the latter’s election in 2007. In 2008 a military force comprising troops from Comoros and the African Union deposed Anjouan’s president, and Sambi appointed an interim replacement.

Sambi’s term was set to expire in May 2010, but a constitutional referendum passed by Comorian voters in May 2009 included a measure to extend the term of the union presidency from four to five years. The term extension evoked protest from the opposition, and in May 2010 it was annulled by the Constitutional Court. The annulment left Sambi’s current term as president set to expire without any successor, and an interim government under Sambi was established to rule the country until elections, scheduled for the end of the year, could take place. Sambi’s vice president, Ikililou Dhoinine, was declared the winner; he took office in May 2011.