Allen Ginsberg
- Born:
- June 3, 1926, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.
- Also Known As:
- Irwin Allen Ginsberg
- Awards And Honors:
- National Book Award
- Notable Works:
- “Howl and Other Poems”
- “Howl”
- “Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg: The Letters”
- “Mind Breaths: Poems 1972-1977”
- “Planet News”
- “Reality Sandwiches”
- “The Fall of America: Poems of These States, 1965-1971”
- “The Letters of Allen Ginsberg”
- “Wait Till I’m Dead: Uncollected Poems”
- “White Shroud: Poems 1980-1985”
- Movement / Style:
- Beat movement
Allen Ginsberg (born June 3, 1926, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.—died April 5, 1997, New York, New York) was an American poet whose epic poem Howl (1956) is considered to be one of the most significant products of the Beat movement.
Ginsberg grew up in Paterson, New Jersey, where his father, Louis Ginsberg, himself a poet, taught English. Allen Ginsberg’s mother, whom he mourned in his long poem Kaddish (1961), was confined for years in a mental hospital. Ginsberg was influenced in his work by the poet William Carlos Williams, particularly toward the use of natural speech rhythms and direct observations of unadorned actuality.
While at Columbia University, where his anarchical proclivities pained the authorities, Ginsberg became close friends with Jack Kerouac and William Burroughs, who were later to be numbered among the Beats. After leaving Columbia in 1948, he traveled widely and worked at a number of jobs from cafeteria floor mopper to market researcher.
Howl, Ginsberg’s first published book, laments what he believed to have been the destruction by insanity of the “best minds of [his] generation.” Dithyrambic and prophetic, owing something to the romantic bohemianism of Walt Whitman, it also dwells on homosexuality, drug addiction, Buddhism, and Ginsberg’s revulsion from what he saw as the materialism and insensitivity of post-World War II America.
Empty Mirror, a collection of earlier poems, appeared along with Kaddish and Other Poems in 1961, followed by Reality Sandwiches in 1963. Kaddish, one of Ginsberg’s most important works, is a long confessional poem in which the poet laments his mother’s insanity and tries to come to terms with both his relationship to her and with her death. In the early 1960s Ginsberg began a life of ceaseless travel, reading his poetry at campuses and coffee bars, traveling abroad, and engaging in left-wing political activities. He became an influential guru of the American youth counterculture in the late 1960s. He acquired a deeper knowledge of Buddhism, and increasingly a religious element of love for all sentient beings entered his work.
His later volumes of poetry included Planet News (1968); The Fall of America: Poems of These States, 1965–1971 (1972), which won the National Book Award; Mind Breaths: Poems 1972–1977 (1978); and White Shroud: Poems 1980–1985 (1986). His Collected Poems 1947–1980 appeared in 1984. Collected Poems, 1947–1997 (2006) is the first comprehensive one-volume collection of Ginsberg’s published poetry. The Letters of Allen Ginsberg was published in 2008, and a collection edited by Bill Morgan and David Stanford that focuses on Ginsberg’s correspondence with Kerouac was published as Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg: The Letters in 2010. Wait Till I’m Dead: Uncollected Poems (2016) compiled verse that Ginsberg had submitted to various publications and selected from his correspondence.