Antonio Buero Vallejo

Antonio Buero Vallejo (born Sept. 29, 1916, Guadalajara, Spain—died April 29, 2000, Madrid) was a playwright considered the most important Spanish dramatist of the post-World War II generation.

Buero Vallejo studied art in Madrid and Guadalajara from 1934 to 1936. During the Civil War (1936–39), he served as a medical orderly in the Spanish Republican Army. After the war, he was condemned to death by the Nationalists, but the sentence was commuted to imprisonment. He was held in prison for more than six years.

During the 1940s and ’50s, a period known as the “years of silence” in Spain because of the repressive nature of Francisco Franco’s regime, Buero Vallejo managed to give a voice to the downtrodden. He won national notice in 1949 with his play Historia de una escalera (1950; History of a Stairway), for which he was awarded the Lope de Vega, an important literary prize. The play portrays the frustrations of apartment house tenants in a slum in Madrid. His one-act play produced in the same year, Palabras en la arena (“Words in the Sand”), which had for its theme adultery and the need for mercy, won the Amigos de los Quinteros Prize; many of his subsequent plays also earned Spanish literary awards. In En la ardiente oscuridad (1951; In the Burning Darkness), his second full-length play, a home for the blind stands as a metaphor for society. La tejedora de sueños (1952; The Dream Weaver, 1967) is based on mythology, and Irene; o, el tesoro (1954; “Irene; or, The Treasure”) on the fantastic. His basic theme is the yearning for human happiness and the obstacles that frustrate its attainment. In Hoy es fiesta (1956; Today’s a Holiday), Buero Vallejo returned to the slums of Madrid for his ironic and realistic material. His realism echoes the style of Arthur Miller. Buero Vallejo’s later writing shows the influence of Bertolt Brecht, whose works he translated.

Buero Vallejo’s historical plays were carefully researched. They include Un soñador para un pueblo (1958; “A Dreamer for the Nation”), which deals with the failure to modernize Spain under Charles III, Las meninas (1960; “The Ladies-in-Waiting”), which is about the court painter Velázquez, and El concierto de San Ovidio (1962; The Concert at Saint Ovide), which is set in Paris during the French Revolution. El tragaluz (1967; The Basement Window) deals with the Spanish Civil War. Later works include El sueño de la razón (1970; The Sleep of Reason) and La doble historia del Doctor Valmy (1970; “The Double Life of Doctor Valmy”).

In 1971 Buero Vallejo was elected to the Spanish Academy.