Arthur Middleton
- Born:
- June 26, 1742, near Charleston, S.C. [U.S.]
- Died:
- Jan. 1, 1787, Goose Creek, S.C., U.S. (aged 44)
Arthur Middleton (born June 26, 1742, near Charleston, S.C. [U.S.]—died Jan. 1, 1787, Goose Creek, S.C., U.S.) was a British American planter, legislator, signer of the Declaration of Independence, and one of the leaders in the controversies leading up to the American Revolution (1775–83).
After completing his education in England at various places, including St. John’s College, Cambridge, Middleton returned to South Carolina in 1763 and was elected to the colonial legislature. In 1765 he became justice of the peace for Berkeley county and also was elected to the colonial legislature. In 1775–76 he was a member of the Council of Safety, a committee that directed leadership for the colony’s preparations for revolution. He served on the legislative committee that drafted the South Carolina state constitution and was a delegate to the Continental Congress (1776–77), where he signed the Declaration of Independence.
At the siege of Charleston (1780) he served in the militia, was taken prisoner when the city fell to the British, and was sent to St. Augustine, Fla., as a prisoner of war. After being exchanged in July 1781, he was a member of the Continental Congress (1781–83), the South Carolina legislature (1785–86), and the original board of trustees of the College of Charleston.