Ben Hall

Ben Hall (born May 9, 1837, Maitland or Breeza, New South Wales, Australia—died May 5, 1865, Forbes, New South Wales) was a notorious Australian bushranger (a bandit of the Outback) who led a gang that committed hundreds of robberies in New South Wales. His daring rebelliousness and his reputation as a “gentleman bushranger” who avoided bloodshed and showed courtesy to women gained him much popular sympathy. Because of the embarrassing failure of police to stop Hall’s gang, New South Wales passed a law that allowed anyone to shoot designated outlaws on sight, without arrest or trial. Hall himself was shot and killed by police under this law—though his status as an outlaw apparently did not legally take effect until five days after his death.

Hall’s parents were both former convicts. As a young man, Hall worked as a cattle rancher, developing considerable skill with horses. In 1856 he married Bridget Walsh of Wheogo, New South Wales, and through her sister he met the bushranger Frank Gardiner. In 1862 he was arrested twice for allegedly having participated in robberies led by Gardiner and was released both times for lack of evidence. By then his wife had left him, taking their infant son, Henry, with her. Hall’s purportedly unjust first arrest (he might not have been involved in the first robbery), the loss of his wife and child, and the burning of his home in 1863 on the order of Frederick Pottinger, an inspector with the New South Wales police force, are often cited as events that led Hall to take up bushranging.

In 1863 Hall became the leader of an armed gang that raided inns, stores, and homes and robbed travelers and mail coaches. To outrun the authorities, members of Hall’s gang often rode stolen racehorses. Some of their exploits seemed designed mainly to humiliate the police. In a notorious raid on a hotel in Canowindra, for instance, they took townspeople and a police constable hostage for three days. At the hotel they hosted a massive “party” for the hostages, encouraging them to eat and drink, reportedly at the gang’s expense.

In 1864 a large reward was offered for Hall’s capture, and the following year he was declared an outlaw. An informer told the police where to find him. On May 5, 1865, at a creek near the town of Forbes, the police ambushed Hall and shot him some 30 times. He became celebrated as an Australian folk hero, memorialized in such songs as “Streets of Forbes” and “Bold Ben Hall.”