Ernst Rüdiger, prince von Starhemberg

Ernst Rüdiger, prince von (prince of) Starhemberg (born May 10, 1899, Eferding, Austria—died March 15, 1956, Schruns) was a politician, leader of the Austrian Heimwehr (a paramilitary defense force), and in 1934–36 the head of the government-sponsored right-wing coalition of parties called the Fatherland Front (Vaterländische Front).

Although he was a participant in the Nazi Munich (Beer Hall) Putsch (1923), Starhemberg later broke with Hitler and Nazism but not with fascism. A former local leader of the Heimwehr, he became its national head in September 1930; in the same month, he was appointed Austrian minister of the interior despite his openly pro-fascist, antiparliamentary allegiances and activities. His newly formed Heimatblock (the political arm of the Heimwehr) failed to show electoral strength, however, and he was excluded from the government two months later. After Engelbert Dollfuss became chancellor in 1932, Starhemberg was summoned by Dollfuss to assist in the formation of the Fatherland Front. Starhemberg was appointed vice chancellor in May 1934. After Dollfuss’ assassination (July 25, 1934), Starhemberg became head of the Fatherland Front and thus the second most powerful leader in Austria after Chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg. Starhemberg sought to maintain a fascist and totalitarian Austrian state that would nevertheless be independent of Nazi Germany. Differences with Schuschnigg resulted in Starhemberg’s expulsion from the government (May 1936). He fled from Austria a short time after the incorporation of Austria into Nazi Germany in March 1938. Following a brief period of service early in World War II in the British and Free French air forces, Starhemberg went to Argentina in 1942 and lived there until 1955, when he returned to Austria.