Jalāl al-Dīn Mingburnu

His son Jalāl al-Dīn survived until murdered in Kurdistan in 1231. He had eluded Genghis Khan on the Indus River, across which his horse swam, enabling him to escape to India. He returned to attempt restoring the Khwārezmian empire over Iran. However, he failed to unite the…

The last Khwārezm-Shāh, Jalāl al-Dīn Mingburnu (reigned 1220–31), was defeated by the Mongols in 1231 and his territories were taken over by them.

…until 1225, when the Khwārezm-Shāh, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mingburnu, took over the administration of their territories.

…al-Dīn’s death, his energetic son Jalāl al-Dīn Mingburnu rallied the Afghan highlanders at Parwan (modern Jabal os Sarāj), near Kabul, and inflicted a crushing defeat on the Mongols under Kutikonian. Genghis Khan, who was then at Herāt, hastened to avenge the defeat and laid siege to Bamiyan. There Ṃutugen, the…

…conflict with the Khwārazmian adventurer Jalāl al-Dīn Mingburnu out of eastern Iran by the Mongols of Genghis Khan. Unsuccessful in his attempts to resist the Central Asian conqueror, Jalāl al-Dīn had taken up the life of a freebooter fighting against the Muslim rulers of Iran, Anatolia, and Syria. In 1230…