Johann Kaspar Spurzheim

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Spurzheim, Johann Kaspar; phrenology

The divisions of the skull as suggested by phrenologists such as Johann Kaspar Spurzheim.

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Title: Senate Square, St. Petersburg, December 14, 1825: repression of the troop mutiny - watercolor by Carl Ivanovitch Kollman, 1825 depicts Decembrist uprising clashing with cavalry, with spectators watching. (new style December 26, 1825) Europe. Saint

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Johann Kaspar Spurzheim

German physician

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contribution to phrenology

In phrenology
…and such 19th-century adherents as Johann Kaspar Spurzheim (1776–1832) and George Combe (1788–1858). Phrenology enjoyed great popular appeal well into the 20th century but has been wholly discredited by scientific research.
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