Maria Susanna Cummins

Maria Susanna Cummins (born April 19, 1827, Salem, Mass., U.S.—died Oct. 1, 1866, Dorchester, Mass.) was an American author, most remembered for her sentimental first novel, The Lamplighter, which achieved enormous popular success but met with much withering critical scorn.

Cummins was educated at home and at a fashionable girls’ school in Lenox, Massachusetts. She thereafter lived all her life with her family in Dorchester. She developed an interest in writing during her school days, and the publication of some of her early short stories encouraged her. In 1854 she published The Lamplighter, which was a huge and immediate success, selling 40,000 copies in a few weeks and 70,000 in a year. The Lamplighter combined sentimentality, piety, and improbability in about equal portions and was perfectly suited to the rudimentary taste of a newly awakened reading public. It was the book to which Nathaniel Hawthorne specifically referred in his famous complaint that “America is now wholly given over to a d__d mob of scribbling women.” English, French, and German editions were equally successful; the book had few peers as a literary phenomenon. Cummins’s later novels, Mabel Vaughan (1857), El Fureidis (1860), and Haunted Hearts (1864), showed some progress in technique but failed to achieve the popularity of her first.