Muhammed Rafi

Muhammed Rafi (born December 24, 1924, Kotla Sultan Singh, near Amritsar, Punjab, British India—died July 31, 1980) was a legendary playback singer who recorded more than 25,000 songs in a career spanning almost 40 years.

Rafi studied music with eminent Hindustani singer Chhote Gulam Ali Khan. He eventually came under the tutelage of composer and musical director Feroz Nizami. A public performance that Rafi gave in Lahore when he was about 15 proved to be a turning point in his life. In the audience was Shyam Sunder, an acclaimed composer who was impressed with Rafi’s talent and invited him to Bombay (now Mumbai) to sing in films. Rafi recorded his first song in Lahore for the Punjabi film Gul Baloch (1944). In Bombay Rafi had his first physical role in Laila Majnu (1949). His earliest recordings in Hindi, also in Bombay, were for films such as Gaon ki gori (1945), Samaj ko badal dalo (1947), and Jugnu (1947). The composer Naushad recognized the budding singer’s potential and gave Rafi his first solo song assignment, “Tera khilona toota balak” in Anmol Ghadi (1946), and later the song “Is duniya mein ae dilwalo” in Dillagi (1949), which proved to be a milestone in his singing career.

Rafi voiced songs for all the top stars of the day. His greatest gift was his ability to match his voice to the persona of the character played by the actor. Thus, he sounded the part for the romantic Dilip Kumar when he sang “Tere husn ki kya taarif karun” in Leader (1964), the soul of Guru Dutt in such songs as “Yeh duniya agar mil bhi jaaye to kya hai” in Pyaasa (1957), the irrepressible Shammi Kapoor singing “Yahoo” in Junglee (1961), and even the mischievous Johnny Walker offering a “Tel malish” (oil massage) in Pyaasa. His duets with other leading playback singers of Hindi cinema were equally memorable and popular.

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Rafi’s voice had a phenomenal range that composers explored to great advantage. His oeuvre included such classical songs as “Madhuban mein radhika nache re” in Kohinoor (1960) and “O duniya ke rakhwale” in Baiju Bawra (1952), such ghazals as “Suhani raat dhal chuki” in Dulari (1949) and “Chaudhavin ka chand” in the eponymous 1960 film, stirring patriotic songs including “Jahan daal daal par” in the 1965 film Sikandar-e-azam, and such light numbers as the rock-and-roll-inspired “Aaja aaja main hoon pyaar tera” in Teesri Manzil (1966). His last recording was “Tu kahin aas paas hai dost” for the 1981 film Aas paas. In 1965 Rafi was awarded the Padma Shri, one of the Indian government’s highest civilian honours.