Nicolas-Antoine Taunay

Nicolas-Antoine Taunay (born Feb. 10, 1755, Paris, France—died March 20, 1830, Paris) was a French painter and member of the French artistic mission to Brazil in 1816.

The son of a painter for the porcelain factory at Sèvres, France, Taunay began studying painting at age 13. His teachers included Francesco Casanova, whose landscape and history paintings inspired Taunay’s own subject matter. Taunay worked in a Neoclassical style throughout his career, producing landscapes and genre scenes as well as biblical, mythological, and history paintings.

Taunay was best known for his landscapes; as a young painter in Paris, he often worked out-of-doors. In 1776 he traveled to Switzerland, where he made studies from nature, and on his return to Paris he exhibited in the 1777 Salon de la Jeunesse, an annual exhibition held outdoors on the Pont Neuf or in the Place Dauphine. Among his early works are The Benediction of Troops at Rome and Mass Celebrated in the Chapel Dedicated to St. Roch (c. 1787–89). In each he places tiny figures in a dramatic landscape punctuated by Classical ruins, such as those of an aqueduct or a Greek temple.

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In 1804 Taunay was one of several artists chosen to portray the events of the Napoleonic campaign in Germany. Following the collapse of the regime, he joined the 1816 French artistic mission to Brazil, a small group of artists, architects, and civil engineers. Portugal’s King John VI, who was living in exile in Brazil, invited the mission to create an academy of arts and sciences and to introduce Neoclassicism to Rio de Janeiro. During his time in Brazil, Taunay made many paintings that recorded the landscapes of Rio de Janeiro and its environs. Even when making biblical and mythological paintings, he often placed his figures in Brazilian landscapes, and he painted a number of scenes of daily life in Brazil. In Plaza of the Carioca in 1816, for example, two tiny figures stand in the foreground of a lush Brazilian landscape. Taunay carefully depicted the local architecture and flora in these works. However, frustrated with delays in the opening of the academy and with the appointment of Henrique José da Silva as its director, Taunay left Brazil and returned to Paris in 1821. His sons Adrien-Aimé Taunay, Félix-Emile Taunay, and Thomas-Marie-Hippolyte Taunay chose to stay in Brazil, where they left their own artistic legacy.

On his return to Paris, Taunay continued to make landscape paintings. He was made a member of the Legion of Honour in 1824.