Ödön Edmund Josef von Horváth

Ödön Edmund Josef von Horváth (born December 9, 1901, Fiume, Hungary [now Rijeka, Croatia]—died June 1, 1938, Paris, France) was a Hungarian novelist and playwright who was one of the most promising German-language dramatists of the 1930s and one of the earliest antifascist writers in Germany.

Horváth, the son of a Hungarian career diplomat, attended schools in Budapest, Vienna, and Munich before settling in Germany. His early plays, such as Revolte auf Côte 3018 (produced 1927; “Revolt on Hill 3018”; rewritten as Die Bergbahn, produced 1929, “The Mountain Railway”), show a fascination with the folk culture and political history of his adopted country. His interest soon grew into concern over the rising tide of fascism and the moral decay that contributed to it. His most important plays were Italienische Nacht (1930; “Italian Night”), a farce about complacent townspeople and bumbling but effective Nazis, and Geschichten aus dem Wiener Wald (1930; Tales from the Vienna Woods), a tragic folktale. The success of these plays (particularly the latter) brought Horváth the admiration and friendship of Carl Zuckmayer, as well as the 1931 Kleist Prize.

In 1933 Horváth fled to Austria, where he continued to write plays and novels, including Die Unbekannte aus der Seine (written 1933; “The Stranger from the Seine”) and Figaro lässt sich scheiden (written 1937; “Figaro Gets a Divorce”). After the Nazi invasion of Austria in 1938, he wandered through Europe. He was killed during a rainstorm when he was struck by a falling tree branch.