Sarah Morgan Bryan Piatt

Sarah Morgan Bryan Piatt (born August 11, 1836, Fayette county, Kentucky, U.S.—died December 22, 1919, Caldwell, New Jersey) was an American poet whose particular blend of convention and innovation won her praise and censure during her lifetime and whose writing was rediscovered by scholars beginning in the 1980s.

Life and works

Sarah Morgan Bryan was born to a slave-holding family in 1836 and lived a somewhat itinerant childhood after the death of her mother. Though little is known about her literary preferences as a child, she went on to study the Romantics at the Henry Female College in New Castle, Kentucky. Soon after graduating, she began to write and publish poems influenced heavily by Lord Byron—too heavily in the opinion of her editor and mentor George Prentice. Some of these poems, which tend to be classed in her juvenilia, appeared in the Louisville Journal along with the poems of John James Piatt, whom Sarah Morgan Bryan would marry in 1861.

Once married, Sarah Piatt wrote everywhere she and her family lived, and they moved quite a lot. Following hopes of prosperity and financial security, the Piatts went from Ohio to Washington, D.C., and back again in the late 1860s; later they moved from the United States to Cork, Ireland, and then returned after about a decade. As the Piatts moved from place to place, their family grew and, sadly, shrank. Piatt would ultimately give birth to eight children—seven sons and one daughter—three of whom she would lose in their youth. In 1873 the Piatts lost an infant who, according to letters, lived only a few days and died unnamed. Less than a year later, their 10-year-old son Victor died in a fireworks accident. While living in Ireland in the early 1880s, their son Louis drowned off the coast.

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The writing career that began for Piatt in the late 1850s in publications such as the Louisville Journal took off as the American Civil War drew to a close and America moved into its postbellum period. After publishing the book of poems The Nests at Washington, and Other Poems (1864) with her husband, she would go on to publish her first singly authored collection, A Woman’s Poems, anonymously in 1871. That book, praised by William Dean Howells, among others, was one of five collections she published before moving to Ireland with her family in 1882, the others being A Voyage to the Fortunate Isles (1874), That New World, and Other Poems (1877), Poems in Company with Children (1877), and Dramatic Persons and Moods (1880).

While in Ireland, Piatt not only moved among English and Irish literary circles. She also published several slim volumes of poems that situated themselves plainly in the Irish landscape even as they traded on her Americanness: An Irish Garland (1885), In Primrose Time (1886), Child’s-World Ballads: Three Little Emigrants (1887), The Witch in the Glass (1889), and An Irish Wildflower (1891). Just a few years after arriving abroad, Piatt and her husband published their second coauthored collection, The Children Out-of-Doors (1885).

During her lifetime, though no complete edition of Piatt’s poems was being published, her poems were assembled into many different selected editions. Mrs. Piatt’s Select Poems was published in 1886. Eight years later, in 1894, just before she and her family returned to the United States, she published a two-volume selection titled Poems that is expansive but not exhaustive. Her Irish poems were gathered in the single volume An Enchanted Castle, and Other Poems in 1893, and her last book, The Gift of Tears (1906), is a very short collection of previously printed works.

In addition to the single-author collections that Piatt published with major presses, her poems appeared in numerous anthologies, including R.H. Stoddard’s expansion of Rufus Wilmot Griswold’s Female Poets of America (1873) and Edmund Clarence Stedman’s An American Anthology (1900). Many of Piatt’s poems moved through the print culture of the time in the pages of some of the most prestigious literary and cultural magazines, The Atlantic Monthly foremost among them. Some of the poems that appeared in these periodicals were then reprinted in her book collections, though a large swath of them was not.

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During her lifetime Piatt’s poems met with a range of responses from 19th-century readers: some greeted them as the product of an American “genius.” Others saw her as contributing a “feminine something” to poetry that, to many at the time, was the only thing women might contribute. Still others were bemused by what they called her “obscurity” and longed for “more heart” and “less art.” She was likened at the time to Christina Rossetti and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, and her experiments with the dramatic monologue drew comparisons to Robert Browning.

Significance

The mixed responses to her work suggest both the predictable range of taste that characterizes any particular culture and the beguiling blend of convention and innovation that many scholars in the 21st century have noted. Her virtual disappearance from the literary scene after World War I was part of a more general shift in literary taste and in the institutions that housed poetry. As the Great War came to an end and Modernism emerged, poetry moved out of the public sphere and into the academy. The work of Piatt and her ilk fell out of print and all but ceased to be read. For much of the 20th century, her books sat on shelves gathering dust.

But they gather dust no longer. Scholars in the 1980s and 1990s, as well as the Internet, have brought Piatt’s poems back into circulation. Starting in the mid-1990s, her poems began to appear in various anthologies and so on college syllabi. A scholarly edition of her poems was published in 2001 (Palace-Burner: The Selected Poetry of Sarah Piatt, edited by Paula Bernat Bennett), and almost all of her book publications became available via Google Books. Piatt’s recirculation both helps 21st-century readers see the nuance and complexity of the late 19th-century literary culture and allows for more people to experience the rich joy of reading Piatt’s poems. In poems that may strike today’s readers as possessing a distinctive and distinctively accessible modernity, Piatt grapples with ideas that continue to engage the American imagination: regional identity, faith, doubt, gender, children, motherhood, and loss, among others.