Thein Sein

Thein Sein (born April 20, 1945, Kyonku, Burma [now Myanmar]) is a military officer and politician of Myanmar who served as president of the country (2011–16).

Few details are known about Thein Sein’s early life. He was born and raised in a small village in southern Myanmar in the western part of the vast Irrawaddy River delta, about 25 miles (40 km) south of Pathein. His family was poor. His father wove bamboo mats and worked on the riverside docks, and his mother helped out in a family-owned tea shop. His father, however, was said to be educated, and Thein Sein attended the prestigious Defence Services Academy, graduating in 1968.

Thein Sein appears to have advanced steadily through the officer ranks, completed a training course at the Command and General Staff College (1989), and commanded various army units around the country—although, in that latter capacity, he seems to have been characterized more as a staff officer than as a field commander. In 1992–95 he served as a general staff officer in the country’s War Office (defense department), and by 1997 he had been promoted to brigadier general while he headed an army unit in eastern Shan state. By 2001 he was back at the War Office as adjutant general of the army.

Thein Sein’s appointment as adjutant general marked his entry into government service in the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), the ruling military regime in Myanmar at the time. In 2003 he was appointed second secretary of the SPDC, and a year later he became first secretary. In April 2007 Thein Sein—by then a full general— became acting prime minister for ailing Prime Minister Soe Win, and he formally took office upon Soe Win’s death in October. Thein Sein concurrently served as head of the government’s emergency-response agency and was reportedly deeply shocked by how poorly officials handled relief efforts during the Cyclone Nargis disaster in 2008, which killed some 138,000 people in Myanmar.

In 2010 Thein Sein resigned from the military to lead the newly formed Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) as it contested seats in multiparty parliamentary elections held in November. The pro-military USDP swept to victory, with Thein Sein himself winning a seat. The new legislature met early in 2011 and elected Thein Sein president of the country’s first civilian government in nearly 50 years. He took office on March 30, and his government embarked on an agenda of political and social reforms, including relaxing press restrictions, releasing political prisoners, and concluding cease-fire accords with rebel ethnic groups. Most notably, the civil liberties of activist Aung San Suu Kyi were restored, and in early 2012 she was allowed to run for and win a seat in a legislative by-election. In addition, Thein Sein’s government sought to end diplomatic isolation and began implementing reforms aimed at ending years of economic stagnation.

Thein Sein oversaw the implementation of what proved to be Myanmar’s first-ever fairly contested parliamentary elections, which were held in early November 2015. The outcome was disastrous for the USDP, as Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy (NLD) won an overwhelming number of seats in both legislative chambers. Thein Sein remained in office until late March 2016, when the new NLD government was formed.