Tiruppan

Tiruppan, was one of the “later” or “minor” South Indian poet-saint devotees of Vishnu known as the Āḻvārs. Very little is known about either the work or the life of Tiruppan. His name means “the saint who was a bard,” and legend has it that Tiruppan was indeed a member of this group, which, by the 9th or 10th centuries, had become an “untouchable” caste.

A Tamil poem attributed to Tiruppan (the Amalan ati piran) in which the author reflects on his emotional response upon seeing a statue of Vishnu reclining in the temple of Srirangam received great attention among later poets and theologians in the Śrī Vaiṣṇava tradition and apparently influenced some of the Sanskrit literature of that sect. The later tradition also elaborated the life story of the poet-saint. Born of low caste parents (or adopted by untouchables in another variant), Tiruppan was wholly dedicated to Vishnu and continually sang his praises. The principal event in the legend, however, depicts Tiruppan being barred from the temple by a Brahmin because of his low caste. Vishnu himself intervenes and commands the haughty Brahmin to carry the poet-saint into the temple on his shoulders. Such a tale perhaps reflects a real struggle that occurred between the Tamil hymnists and popular saints, on the one hand, and the Brahmin temple establishment on the other.