Umberto Bossi

Umberto Bossi (born September 19, 1941, Cassano Magnago, Italy) is an Italian politician who was the leader (1991–2012) of the Northern League (Lega Nord) party.

Bossi worked as a hospital orderly in Pavia, Italy, before entering politics. In 1979 he met Bruno Salvadori, a federalist reformer from the northwestern Italian region of Valle d’Aosta, who in the mid-1980s inspired him to form a regional party called the Lombard League. In 1987 it captured seats in the national legislature, installing Bossi as senator. Two years later the Lombard League won representation in the European Parliament.

In 1991 Bossi oversaw the merger of the Lombard League with other regional parties to form the Northern League. The newly created party soon proved dominant in northern Italy. The party’s membership in government greatly increased after the elections of 1992, when Bossi was elected to Italy’s Chamber of Deputies. In 1994 the Northern League became the largest political faction in the country on the strength of its federalist message, distance from incumbent corruption, and timely alliance with Silvio Berlusconi and his party, Forza Italia (“Go, Italy!”). After Berlusconi was elected prime minister that March, the Northern League became part of the governing coalition. In December 1994, however, Bossi’s party left the alliance, and his threat of a no-confidence vote forced Berlusconi’s resignation.

In September 1996 Bossi declared independence for a portion of northern Italy that he dubbed the Republic of Padania. Exploiting the economic and cultural differences between north and south, he argued that wealthy northern cities were hampered by poorer, less-developed cities to the south and that the breakaway republic would hold its own as a member of the European Union. Although few Italians actually supported secession, Bossi succeeded in garnering support for his platform of federalist reform and participation in the European Monetary System. As the push for secession waned in later years, Bossi and the Northern League instead called for greater regional autonomy. The party also adopted a tough stance on immigration, which led to charges of xenophobia.

Known for his controversial statements, Bossi frequently faced criminal charges; in 1998 he received a suspended prison sentence for inciting violence after having urged supporters to “hunt down” members of the National Alliance party. After Berlusconi was reelected prime minister in 2001, Bossi was appointed minister for devolution. In March 2004 he suffered a stroke, and several months later he resigned his cabinet post in order to become a member of the European Parliament. Although some questioned his political future, he led the Northern League in 2008 to a strong showing in Italy’s general election. Later that year Berlusconi appointed him minister for federal reform. Bossi lost that post when a scandal-plagued Berlusconi resigned in November 2011. When technocrat Mario Monti was appointed to succeed Berlusconi, Bossi and the Northern League moved into opposition. Bossi resigned as head of the Northern League in April 2012, after a scandal erupted involving misappropriation of party funds for personal expenses. In 2017 he was found guilty of fraud and sentenced to 27 months in jail.