Sir William Hamilton

Sir William Hamilton (born Dec. 13, 1730, Scotland—died April 6, 1803, London, Eng.) was a British diplomat and archaeologist. He was the husband of Emma, Lady Hamilton, the mistress of Admiral Horatio Nelson.

Hamilton was the son of Lord Archibald Hamilton, governor of Jamaica. He served in the army (1747–58) but left it after his marriage to a Welsh heiress, whose estate in Swansea he inherited on her death in 1782. From 1764 until his recall in 1800, Hamilton served as British envoy to the court of Naples. He was knighted in 1772.

Hamilton made or caused to be made, at Vesuvius and Etna, a series of observations on the action of volcanoes and published several treatises on earthquakes and volcanoes between 1772 and 1783. He was a notable collector, and many of his treasures went to enrich the British Museum. He married Emma in 1791. See also Hamilton, Emma, Lady.