- German:
- Wilhelm II
- In full:
- Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert
- Born:
- January 27, 1859, Potsdam, near Berlin [Germany]
- Died:
- June 4, 1941, Doorn, Netherlands
- Also Known As:
- Wilhelm II
- Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert
- Title / Office:
- emperor (1889-1918), German Empire
- king (1888-1918), Prussia
- House / Dynasty:
- Hohenzollern dynasty
- Notable Family Members:
- father Frederick III
- mother Victoria
- daughter Viktoria Luise of Prussia
What began as an attempt to save Austria-Hungary from collapse, World War I was transformed into a world conflict by Germany. William, having encouraged the Austrians to adopt an uncompromising line, took fright when he found war impending but was not able to halt the implementation of the mobilization measures that he had allowed his generals to prepare. During the war, although nominally supreme commander, William did not attempt to resist his generals when they kept its conduct in their own hands. He encouraged, instead of challenging, the grandiose war aims of the generals and of many politicians that ruled out all chance of a compromise peace. By the autumn of 1918 he realized that Germany had lost the war but not that this had made the loss of his throne inevitable. Refusing to abdicate, his hand was finally forced on November 9, when he was persuaded to seek asylum in the Netherlands. He avoided captivity and perhaps death, but asylum also made it impossible for William to retain his position of emperor of Germany. Subsequently he lived quietly as a country gentleman in the Netherlands until his death in 1941.