Željko Ražnatović

Željko Ražnatović (born April 17, 1952, Brežice, Yugoslavia—died January 15, 2000, Belgrade [now in Serbia]) was a Serbian nationalist who headed the paramilitary Serbian Volunteer Guard (known as the Tigers), which was accused of committing atrocities during the conflicts that accompanied the breakup of Yugoslavia in the first half of the 1990s.

Ražnatović’s father was an officer in the Yugoslav air force. In the 1970s and early 1980s, Ražnatović was involved in criminal activities across western Europe, including bank robberies and jewelry theft. Convicted of a number of crimes, he managed to escape from jails in Belgium, the Netherlands, and Germany. During this time Ražnatović also allegedly worked as a hit man for the Yugoslav secret police.

By 1990 Ražnatović had begun organizing the Tigers. Among the force’s alleged crimes were the massacre of more than 250 Croat civilians during a siege of Vukovar in eastern Croatia in 1991 and the slaughter of some 1,000 Bosniaks (Muslims) in the eastern Bosnian towns of Bijeljina and Zvornik the following year. Celebrated as a hero by some Serbs, Ražnatović was elected to the Serbian parliament in 1992. He launched the ultranationalist Serbian Unity Party the following year.

In 1997 the United Nations’ International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia indicted Ražnatović for crimes against humanity. Before he could be tried, he was killed by masked gunmen in the lobby of the Intercontinental Hotel in Belgrade. Some observers speculated that criminal gang warfare was behind the killing; others surmised that Ražnatović had been assassinated for state security reasons. Several men eventually were convicted of the murder, but the motivation behind the killing remained unclear.