Historic Nobility, BUC-ERN
This general category includes a selection of more specific topics.
Historic Nobility Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Henry Stafford, 2nd duke of Buckingham was a leading supporter, and later opponent, of King Richard III. He was......
Elizabeth Báthory was a Hungarian countess who purportedly tortured and murdered hundreds of young women in the......
Sigismund Báthory was a prince of Transylvania whose unpopular anti-Turkish policy led to civil war. The son of......
Břetislav I was the prince of Bohemia from 1034 to 1055, who permanently attached the province of Moravia to Bohemia.......
Camilla, queen of the United Kingdom is the queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (2023–......
Bianca Capello was a Venetian noblewoman, renowned for her beauty and intelligence, whose court intrigues were......
Lucy Hay, countess of Carlisle was an intriguer and conspirator during the English Civil Wars, celebrated by many......
Carlos Luis de Borbón, count de Montemolín was the second Carlist, or Bourbon traditionalist, Spanish pretender......
Carlos María de los Dolores de Borbón y Austria-este, duke de Madrid was the fourth Carlist, or Bourbon traditionalist,......
Carlos María Isidro de Borbón, conde de Molina was the first Carlist pretender to the Spanish throne (as Charles......
Carlota was the wife of the emperor Maximilian of Mexico. The only daughter of Leopold I, king of the Belgians,......
Carol I was the first king of Romania, whose long reign (as prince, 1866–81, and as king, 1881–1914) brought notable......
Casimir I was the duke of Poland who reannexed the formerly Polish provinces of Silesia, Mazovia, and Pomerania......
Casimir II was the duke of Kraków and of Sandomierz from 1177 to 1194. A member of the Piast dynasty, he drove......
Casimir IV was the grand duke of Lithuania (1440–92) and king of Poland (1447–92), who, by patient but tenacious......
Virginia Oldoini Verasis, countess di Castiglione was a Tuscan noblewoman who occupied a predominant position in......
Castruccio Castracani was a condottiere, or captain of mercenaries, who ruled Lucca from 1316 to 1328. When the......
Catherine, princess of Wales is the consort (2011– ) of William, prince of Wales and heir apparent to the British......
Vieri dei Cerchi was a Florentine noble and banker who became the leader of the faction known as the Whites in......
Henri Dieudonné d’Artois, count de Chambord was the last heir of the elder branch of the Bourbons and, as Henry......
Grey Brydges, 5th Baron Chandos was a British nobleman whose lavish lifestyle earned him the nickname “King of......
James Brydges, 1st duke of Chandos was an English nobleman and patron of composer George Frideric Handel. The son......
Princess Charlene is the consort (2011– ) of Albert II, prince of Monaco. She previously was a champion swimmer.......
Charles was the count of Flanders (1119–27), only son of St. Canute, or Canute IV of Denmark, by Adela, daughter......
Charles was the last of the great dukes of Burgundy (1467 to 1477). The son of Duke Philip III the Good of Burgundy,......
Charles was a rival duke of Brittany, a son of the French king Philip VI’s sister Margaret. Charles’s claim to......
Charles Augustus was the Grossherzog (grand duke) of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, an enlightened ruler, and patron of......
Charles Emmanuel I was the duke of Savoy who alternated alliances with France and Spain, taking advantage of the......
Charles Emmanuel II was the duke of Savoy from 1638 to 1675, during a period of restoration and consolidation in......
Charles Frederick was the grand duke of Baden, a conscientious and liberal ruler who made his territories into......
Charles I was the duke of Lower Lorraine, head of the only surviving legitimate line of the Carolingian dynasty......
Charles I (or II) was the duke of Lorraine and an ally of the Burgundian faction in the internal strife that divided......
Charles II (or III) was the duke of Lorraine from 1545, whose reign is noted for its progress and prosperity. Charles......
Charles III was the count of Valois from 1285 and of Anjou and Maine from 1290. He was the son of a king, brother......
Charles III (or IV) was the duke of Lorraine whose resentment against encroaching French power led to a lifelong......
Charles Of France was the duke of Berry, of Normandy, and of Guyenne, who fought in the coalitions against his......
Charles Theodore was the elector (1742–77) of the Palatinate branch of the House of Wittelsbach and thereafter......
Charles VII was the elector of Bavaria (1726–45), who was elected Holy Roman emperor (1742–45) in opposition to......
Charles William Ferdinand of Brunswick was the duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Wolfenbüttel, a Prussian field marshal,......
Charlotte was the grand duchess of Luxembourg from 1919 to 1964. Her constitutional reign saw the evolution of......
Hugh of Avranches, 1st earl of Chester , 1st earl of Chester, was the son of Richard, Viscount d’Avranches, and......
Ranulf de Blundeville, 6th earl of Chester was the most celebrated of the early earls of Chester, with whom the......
Ranulf de Gernons, 4th earl of Chester was the 4th earl of Chester and a key participant in the English civil war......
Christian of Brunswick was a duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Wolfenbüttel, Protestant military commander, and soldier......
Marie-Anne de Mailly-Nesle, duchess de Châteauroux was a mistress of Louis XV of France who used her influence......
Ulrich II von Cilli was a count, later prince, and member of one of the most distinguished magnate families of......
Turlough Luineach O’Neill, earl of Clanconnell was the earl of Clanconnell and the chief of Tyrone, successor to......
Lionel of Antwerp, duke of Clarence was the second surviving son of King Edward III of England and ancestor of......
Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland was a favourite mistress of the English king Charles II; she bore several......
Henri II de Bourbon, 3e prince de Condé was a premier prince of the blood (posthumous son of the 2nd prince of......
Henri-Jules de Bourbon, 5e prince de Condé was the 5th prince de Condé, the eldest son of the Great Condé (the......
Louis-Henri-Joseph, 9e prince de Condé was the last of the princes of Condé, whose unfortunate son and sole heir,......
Louis-Joseph, 8e prince de Condé was one of the princely émigrés during the French Revolution. He was the only......
Conrad was the duke of Lotharingia (Lorraine) from 944 to 953 and ancestor of the Salian dynasty of German kings.......
Conradin was the last of the German Hohenstaufen dynasty, duke of Swabia, king of the Romans, and claimant to the......
Armand I de Bourbon, prince de Conti was the prince de Conti, second son of Henry II de Bourbon, 3rd prince of......
François de Bourbon, prince de Conti was the third son of Louis I de Bourbon, 1st prince of Condé; he was given......
Louis-Armand I de Bourbon, prince de Conti was the eldest surviving son of Armand I de Bourbon, prince of Conti;......
Louis-Armand II de Bourbon, prince de Conti , was treated with great liberality by Louis XIV and also by the regent,......
Louis-François-Joseph de Bourbon, prince de Conti was the last of the princes of Conti, the only legitimate son......
Cosimo I was the second duke of Florence (1537–74) and first grand duke of Tuscany (1569–74). Cosimo was the great-great-grandson......
Cosimo II was the fourth grand duke of Tuscany (1609–20), who closed down the Medici family’s practice of banking......
Cosimo III was the sixth grand duke of Tuscany, who reigned for 53 years (1670–1723), longer than any other Medici,......
Andrew Browne Cunningham was a British naval officer who was an outstanding combat commander early in World War......
Alexandru Ioan Cuza was the first prince of united Romania, architect of national rural reform and peasant emancipation.......
Adam Kazimierz, Prince Czartoryski was a leading member of the princely Czartoryski family and a patron of the......
Michał Fryderyk, Prince Czartoryski was a Polish statesman who made his family party of Czartoryskis, the so-called......
Daniel Romanovich was the ruler of the principalities of Galicia and Volhynia (now in Poland and Ukraine, respectively),......
Danilo I was the first ruler of Montenegro of the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty, which lasted from 1697 to 1918, when......
Danilo II was a prince-bishop (1851–52) and then prince (1852–60) of Montenegro, who elevated Montenegro to a hereditary......
Yekaterina Romanovna Vorontsova, Princess Dashkova was an associate of Empress Catherine II the Great and a prominent......
David ap Gruffudd was the last native prince of Gwynedd in northern Wales; he initiated a major rebellion against......
David Ap Llywelyn was a Welsh prince, ruler of the state of Gwynedd in northern Wales from 1240 to 1246. His father,......
David of Tao was a prince of the Bagratid family of Tao (Armenian: Tayk), a region between Georgia and Armenia.......
Edward Stanley, 3rd earl of Derby was the second son of the 2nd earl, succeeding to the earldom on his father’s......
Thomas Stanley, 1st earl of Derby was a prominent figure in the later stage of England’s Wars of the Roses. Great-grandson......
Gerald Fitzgerald, 14th or 15th earl of Desmond was an Irish Roman Catholic nobleman who led one of the three major......
William Cavendish, 1st earl of Devonshire was the first of the long line of Devonshire peers. The son of Sir William......
Diana, princess of Wales was the princess of Wales, former consort (1981–96) of Charles, prince of Wales (later......
Diane De France was the natural daughter (legitimated) of King Henry II of France by a young Piedmontese, Filippa......
Diane De Poitiers was the mistress of Henry II of France. Throughout his reign she held court as queen of France......
Dmitry (II) Donskoy was the prince of Moscow, or Muscovy (1359–89), and grand prince of Vladimir (1362–89), who......
Corso Donati was a Florentine nobleman and soldier who formed and led the political faction known as the Blacks......
William Douglas, 1st earl of Douglas was a Scottish lord of the Douglases, prominent in the dynastic and English......
William Douglas, 8th earl of Douglas was a prominent Scottish lord during the reign of James II of Scotland. The......
Drogo de Hauteville was a Norman count of Apulia (1046–51), half brother of the conqueror Robert Guiscard. He led......
Eadric Streona was the ealdorman of the Mercians, who, though a man of ignoble birth, was advanced to the revived......
Eberhard was the duke of Franconia from 918. The brother of Conrad I, duke of Franconia and German king (911–918),......
Eberhard I was a count, later the 1st duke of Württemberg (from 1495), an administrative and ecclesiastic reformer......
Edgar The Aetheling was an Anglo-Saxon prince, who, at the age of about 15, was proposed as king of England after......
Prince Edward, duke of Edinburgh is the youngest child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, duke of Edinburgh.......
Lamoraal, graaf van Egmond was a leader in the early opposition to the policies of Philip II of Spain in the Netherlands.......
Elizabeth Of France was a French princess, sister of King Louis XVI, noted for her courage and fidelity during......
Emmanuel Philibert was the duke of Savoy who recovered most of the lands his father Charles III had lost to France......
Enomoto Takeaki was a Japanese naval officer and statesman who was the last supporter of the Tokugawa family—which......
Ernest Augustus was a duke (from 1679) and elector (from 1692) of Hanover, father of George Louis, who became George......
Ernest I was the duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, who, after the ravages of the Thirty Years’ War, sought to rebuild......
Ernest I was the duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (as Ernest III) from 1806 and then, from 1826, duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.......
Ernest II was the duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, brother of Prince Albert (consort of Queen Victoria of England), and......
Ernest Louis was the grand duke of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1892 until his abdication in 1918, at the end of World......