Ask the Chatbot Games & Quizzes ProCon History & Society Science & Tech Biographies Animals & Nature Geography & Travel Arts & Culture Money Videos
Reformation
Table of Contents
Introduction & Top Questions References & Edit History Quick Facts & Related Topics
Images & Videos
Martin Luther John Calvin indulgences Huldrych Zwingli
How Martin Luther launched the Protestant Reformation
Hans Holbein the Younger: portrait of Henry VIII
Discover which Roman Catholic practices caused Martin Luther to write his Ninety-five Theses
Luther's bonfire Huldrych Zwingli St. Ignatius of Loyola
For Students
Martin Luther
Reformation Key Facts
Luther's bonfire
Reformation Timeline
Reformation Causes and Effects
Quizzes
Quiz thumbnail, "What Happened on this Very Important Date" quiz. A push pin on a calendar
What Very Big Thing Happened on This Day?
Related Questions
Read Next
Mark Rylance as Thomas Cromwell in Wolf Hall a 2015 BBC TV Mini Series. drama, television, England in the 1520s, Henry VIII
Behind the Scenes: 12 Historical Figures in Wolf Hall
Queen Elizabeth II on her Coronation Day (June 2, 1953) holding the Sovereign's Sceptre with Cross in her right hand the Orb in her left, in an embroidered and beaded dress by Norman Hartnell, a crimson velvet mantle edged with ermine fur, with the Coronation ring, the Coronation necklace, and the Imperial State Crown. The backdrop depicts the interior of Westminster Abbey; photograph by Cecil Beaton. (British royals)
5 Fascinating British Coronation Objects
poem. A poet in a Heian period kimono writes Japanese poetry during the Kamo Kyokusui No En Ancient Festival at Jonan-gu shrine on April 29, 2013 in Kyoto, Japan. Festival of Kyokusui-no Utage orignated in 1,182, party Heian era (794-1192).
World Poetry Day
Discover
Thumbnail for flags that look alike quiz Russia, Slovenia, Iceland, Norway
Flags That Look Alike
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Italian Renaissance painter from Florence. Engraving by Cosomo Colombini (d. 1812) after a Leonardo self portrait. Ca. 1500.
10 Famous Artworks by Leonardo da Vinci
Thanksgiving Celebration Traditional Dinner Setting Food Concept
Why Is Thanksgiving in the U.S. Celebrated on a Thursday?
Los Angeles Police Department wanted flyer on Elizabeth Short, aka the "Black Dahlia," who was brutally murdered in January 1947. The FBI supported the Los Angeles Police Department in the case, including by identifying Short through her fingerprints that
America’s 5 Most Notorious Cold Cases (Including One You May Have Thought Was Already Solved)
Baseball laying in the grass. Homepage blog 2010, arts and entertainment, history and society, sports and games athletics
10 Greatest Baseball Players of All Time
Woman tied to a ducking stool, a method of punishment by means of humiliation, beating, or death. (cucking stool)
8 Unusual Punishments Inflicted on Women Throughout History
A Factory Interior, watercolor, pen and gray ink, graphite, and white goache on wove paper by unknown artist, c. 1871-91; in the Yale Center for British Art. Industrial Revolution England
Inventors and Inventions of the Industrial Revolution

Reformation: References & Edit History

Researcher's Note

The posting of the theses

Luther was long believed to have posted the theses on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, but the historicity of this event has been questioned. The issue is discussed at length in Erwin Iserloh’s Luther zwischen Reform und Reformation (1966; published in English [1968] as The Theses Were Not Posted). Iserloh indicated that the first known reference to the story was made by Philipp Melanchthon in 1546 and that Luther never mentioned the posting of his theses on the church door. He suggested that Luther wrote to the bishops on October 31, 1517, did not receive an answer, and then circulated the theses among friends and learned acquaintances.

Some later research, however, lent support to the traditional belief. In his contribution to Luthers thesenanschlag: faktum oder fiktion (2008; “Luther’s Posting of the Theses: Fact or Fiction”), for example, Martin Treu discussed a note written by Georg Rörer, a close collaborator of Luther’s, in a copy of the New Testament that he and Luther used for revisions of the Bible. The note read:

In the year of our Lord 1517, on the eve of All Saints’…[theses] about indulgences…were posted on the doors of the churches in Wittenberg by Dr. Martin Luther.

But Rörer, like Melanchthon, was not a witness to the event and could have merely assumed that the posting had taken place in keeping with the statutes of the university at Wittenberg requiring that theses for public debate be posted on the doors of all Wittenberg churches. Scholars remain divided on the question.

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Add new Web site: International Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences - Effect of the Reformation on Today’s Church. Oct 22, 2024
Add new Web site: Catholic Online - The Reformation. Mar 26, 2024
Add new Web site: Ohio State University - Origins - Martin Luther and the Reformation. Nov 15, 2023
Add new Web site: Khan Academy - The Protestant Reformation. Sep 04, 2023
Add new Web site: Free Speech Center at Middle Tennessee State University - Protestant Reformation. Jun 28, 2023
Add new Web site: EWTN - What was the Reformation? Apr 05, 2023
Add new Web site: World History Encyclopedia - Protestant Reformation. Dec 02, 2022
Add new Web site: McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia - Reformation. Aug 21, 2022
Removed media. Jun 23, 2022
Media added. Jun 22, 2022
Add new Web site: United States History - The Protestant Reformation. Feb 08, 2019
Top Questions updated. Oct 17, 2018
Corrected the spelling of "sola scriptura" and added cross-references. Nov 14, 2017
Added images of Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli. Nov 14, 2017
Add new Web site: PBS LearningMedia - The Protestant Reformation | Inside the Court of Henry VIII. Feb 15, 2017
Add new Web site: KidsPast.com - The Reformation. Dec 30, 2016
Add new Web site: British Broadcasting Corporation - History - An Overview of the Reformation. Jun 02, 2014
Replaced photograph. Apr 03, 2014
Add new Web site: Jewish Virtual Library - Reformation. Feb 07, 2013
Media added. Apr 20, 2010
Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - History - Reformation. Nov 05, 2008
Added new Web site: The Catholic Encyclopedia - The Reformation. Jan 16, 2008
Added new Web site: Christian Reformed Church - Reformation. Apr 17, 2007
Media added. Jan 25, 2007
Added new Web site: World History International Project - Woman Suffrage. Aug 03, 2006
Article revised. May 27, 2005
Article revised. Jun 01, 1999
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
View Changes:
Article History
Revised:
By: