angiosperm

Table of Contents

Introduction & Top Questions
General features
- Structure
  - Root systems
  - Stems
  - Leaves
    - Leaf modifications
    - Shoot system modifications
- Distribution and abundance
- Importance
  - Contribution to food chain
  - Significance to humans
Structure and function
- Vegetative structures
- Tissue systems
  - Ground tissue
  - Vascular tissue
    - Evolution of the transport process
    - Structural basis of transport
    - Organization of the vascular tissue
    - Secondary vascular system
    - Uptake of water and mineral nutrients from the soil
    - Process of xylem transport
    - Process of phloem transport
    - Transport and plant growth
  - Dermal tissue
- Plant organs
  - Roots
  - Stems
  - Leaves
- Reproductive structures
  - General features
  - The receptacle
  - The calyx
  - The corolla
  - The androecium
  - The gynoecium
  - Fruits
  - Seeds
  - Mechanisms of dispersal
  - Inflorescences
Reproduction
- General features
  - Anthers
  - Ovules
- Pollination
- Fertilization and embryogenesis
- Seedlings
Paleobotany and evolution
Classification
- Diagnostic classification
  - General characteristics
  - Eudicots
- Annotated classification

References & Edit History Quick Facts & Related Topics

Images & Videos

snake gourd flower

magnolia flower

How different plants store their seeds

A healthful pseudograin

Cape sundew trap

Cherry trees blossoming

angiosperm: Facts & Related Content

Written and fact-checked by The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Facts

Also Known As	Magnoliophyta • flowering plant • Angiospermae • Anthophyta

Photos and Videos

snake gourd flower

magnolia flower

A healthful pseudograin

Cape sundew trap

Cherry trees blossoming

California poppy

How different plants store their seeds

Understanding adaptations in the evolution of plants

Why plant diversity is so important

Learn how advancements in the xylem, vascular tissue, and flower separate angiosperms from gymnosperms

The differences between monocots and eudicots explained

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Topics

commelinid basalmost angiosperm Austrobaileyales magnoliid clade parasitic plant flower Nymphaeales monocotyledon mangrove eudicotyledon fern conifer cycadophyte lycophyte ginkgophyte moss hornwort liverwort Cycadeoidophyta seed fern

Dig Deeper: More Articles That Discuss This Topic

Key People

Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart

French botanist

Brown, Robert

Robert Brown

Scottish botanist

Bessey, c. 1910

Charles E. Bessey

American botanist

John Bartram

American naturalist

Charles Chamberlain, 1925

Charles Joseph Chamberlain

American botanist

trees deciduous and coniferous. trees grow on a bank of a forest in springtime in Alberta, British Columbia, Canada. logging, forestry, wood, lumber, wilderness

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Venus's-flytrap. Venus's-flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) one of the best known of the meat-eating plants. Carnivorous plant, Venus flytrap, Venus fly trap

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