Bautzen, city, Saxony Land (state), eastern Germany. It lies in the Oberlausitz (Upper Lusatia) region, on a granite elevation above the Spree River. Bautzen was originally the Slavic settlement of Budissin (Budyšin), and the Peace of Bautzen was concluded there in 1018 between the German king Henry II and the Polish king Bolesław I. The city became German in 1033, passing to Bohemia in 1319 and to Saxony in 1635. The capital of the Federation of Lusatian cities in 1346, it was and is an important political and cultural centre of the Lusatian Sorbs, a West Slavic people also called the Wends, or Domowina. Sorb traditions and customs are kept alive by the Institute of Sorbian Studies, located in Bautzen. Bautzen gives its name to the hard-fought battle of May 20–21, 1813, in which French troops under Napoleon I defeated a Russo-Prussian army. The city is a railway junction, and its economy is broadly based, including a thriving service sector and a variety of manufacturing activities. Notable buildings include the Ortenburg Castle (1483–86) and St. Peter’s Church (1220–1497), which has been shared since 1523 by Roman Catholics and Protestants and has, since 1921, served as the Roman Catholic cathedral and seat of the bishop of Meissen. Pop. (2003 est.) 42,160.