Daba Mountains

Daba Mountains, broadly defined, mountain range of central China that is located along the border between Shaanxi province to the north and Sichuan province and Chongqing municipality to the south and that also extends northwest and southeast into Gansu and Hubei provinces. More narrowly defined, the name also designates only one section of the range.

In the most inclusive meaning, the Daba Mountains, like the Qin (Tsinling) Mountains to the north, from which they are separated by the Han River valley, are an eastward continuation of the Kunlun Mountains. The Daba Mountains are composed of several constituent mountain ranges—including, from west to east, the Motian (along the Gansu-Sichuan border), Micang and Daba (which together straddle the Shaanxi-Sichuan and Shaanxi-Chongqing borders), and Wudang (in Hubei) mountains—that form the northern rim of the Sichuan Basin. The Daba Mountains are drained by a complex river system that serves as the watershed for the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) directly and indirectly through numerous intermediate rivers, including the Han and Jialing. The Jialing River, which rises in the Qin Mountains and cuts through the western section of the Daba Mountains, between the Motian and Micang mountains, provides the main route between Shaanxi and Sichuan and southwestern China. The Daba are not as high or massive as the Qin Mountains: their average elevation is more than 6,500 feet (2,000 metres) above sea level, and individual peaks reach 7,200–8,800 feet (2,200–2,700 metres). Da Shennongjia, located north of the Wuxia Gorge, the second of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze, is the highest peak in the eastern section, reaching 10,050 feet (3,053 metres). To its north is a national park, containing a virgin forest, that was established in the 1980s for the protection of wildlife.

Although the term Daba Mountains is often used in the broad meaning of the mountain complex, it properly applies only to the smaller component Daba range of the complex or to the Daba Mountains and the Micang Mountains together. Both of these ranges are south of Hanzhong in the Han River valley. The Daba Mountains by themselves and together with the Micang Mountains are also called the Ba Mountains. The Micang range, named for one of its major peaks, Mount Micang (8,110 feet [2,472 metres]), is separated from the Daba Mountains by the Ren River. The Daba range proper is also sometimes called the Jiulong (“Nine Dragons”) Mountains, for a major peak of that name (8,540 feet [2,603 metres]). To the north of the Micang and Daba ranges and to the east of Yangxian (in Shaanxi) are a series of high ridges with a north-south axis known as the Xingzi Mountains.

The Daba mountain complex is sparsely populated. Much of the area remains under virgin forest even though it has been inhabited since at least the 18th century. The western extremity of the range is comparatively dry and has a lighter forest cover. Much of the range consists of dolomitic limestones.