Dibba

Dibba, settlement and port town located on the eastern (Gulf of Oman) coast of the Musandam Peninsula on the larger Arabian Peninsula. It is situated on Dibba Bay and is surrounded by mountains. The town and its locality are part of two countries: the old port area (Dibba al-Hisn in Sharjah emirate) and territory immediately south (Dibba al-Fujairah in Fujairah emirate) belong to the United Arab Emirates, while the territory north of the bay (Dibba al-Bayʿah) lies in the Sultanate of Oman.

An important port of pre-Islamic Arabia, Dibba was traditionally renowned as a copper-exporting centre for the interior of Oman and was a prosperous town at the time of the emergence of Islam. In 633 it was the site of a key battle during the riddah (resistance to the early Islamic caliphate); the defeat of Laqīt ibn Mālik (Dhū al-Tāj), the leader of a faction of the Azdi qabīlah (tribe), opened Greater Oman to conquest by the caliphate and enabled the spread of Islam throughout the region. In the 19th century Sultan ibn Saqr, the chieftain of the Qawāsim qabīlah, gave the town as a fiefdom to one of his sons; his descendants, at various periods, claimed to be independent sheikhs. Since then the town has been split between the Qawāsim and members of the Shiḥūḥ qabīlah, and tensions between the two communities in the 20th century led to Dibba’s political division between the United Arab Emirates and Oman.

Now a small fishing village with adjacent palm groves and vegetable plots, Dibba has a central electricity supply and a small hospital. Roads and trails link it with coastal settlements to the south and with the Ras al-Khaimah emirate, across the Musandam Peninsula. Pop. (2015 est.) Dibba al-Hisn, 12,573; (2017 est.) Dibba al-Fujairah, 37,905; (2020) Dibba al-Bayʿah, 10,416.