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Golgotha
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The Crucifixion with Saint Jerome and Saint Francis
The Crucifixion with Saint Jerome and Saint Francis The Crucifixion with Saint Jerome and Saint Francis, tempera on wood by Pesellino, probably c. 1440–45; in the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

Golgotha

hill, Jerusalem
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Also known as: Calvary
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Last Updated: • Article History
Aramaic:
“Skull”
Also called:
Calvary
On the Web:
OpenSIUC - The Cross of Golgotha (PDF) (Jan. 24, 2025)
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Golgotha
Golgotha

Golgotha, (from Latin calva: “bald head” or “skull”), skull-shaped hill in ancient Jerusalem, the site of Jesus’ Crucifixion. It is referred to in all four Gospels (Matthew 27:33, Mark 15:22, Luke 23:33, and John 19:17). The hill of execution was outside the city walls of Jerusalem, apparently near a road and not far from the sepulchre where Jesus was buried. Its exact location is uncertain, but most scholars prefer either the spot now covered by the Church of the Holy Sepulchre or a hillock called Gordon’s Calvary just north of the Damascus Gate.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by Melissa Petruzzello.