Kittery, town, York county, southwestern Maine, U.S., at the mouth of the Piscataqua River, on the Atlantic coast opposite Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The town includes the communities of Kittery and Kittery Point. Settled in 1623, it was incorporated (1647) as Piscataqua Plantation, Maine’s first town, and was later renamed for the Champernowne family’s estate, Kittery Point, in Devon, England. It has been a shipbuilding centre since Revolutionary War times, and John Paul Jones’s Ranger, the first ship to fly the American flag, was launched there in 1777. The Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (1800), which from the mid-1950s to 1971 built nuclear submarines and now overhauls and repairs them, is in Kittery. The Treaty of Portsmouth (1905), ending the Russo-Japanese War, was signed there. Nearby in South Berwick is the birthplace of novelist Sarah Orne Jewett and Hamilton House (c. 1785), the setting for her novel The Tory Lover (1901). Kittery is also known for its dozens of factory outlet stores. Area 18 square miles (46 square km). Pop. (2000) 9,543; (2010) 9,490.